BACKGROUND: Serum cystatin C increasingly is used as a marker of glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular risk. However, information for serum cystatin C levels in the general population, specifically across a wide age range and different ethnicities, is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine nationally representative serum cystatin C levels, estimate the prevalence of increased cystatin C levels in the general population, and identify factors associated with increased cystatin C levels. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative subsample of 7,596 participants aged 12 years or older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994. PREDICTORS: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk factors for chronic kidney disease. OUTCOMES: Continuous serum cystatin C levels and serum cystatin C level greater than 1.12 mg/L. MEASUREMENTS: Cystatin C was measured in 2006 from stored sera by using an automated particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. RESULTS: Overall median serum cystatin C level was 0.85 mg/L. Median cystatin C levels increased steeply with age and were greater in males and non-Hispanic white persons, even in a healthy subgroup of 20- to 39-year-olds. Prevalences of increased serum cystatin C levels (>1.12 mg/L) were 1%, 41%, and greater than 50% in all persons aged younger than 20 years, 60 years or older, and 80 years or older. In persons aged 60 years and older, older age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, hypertension, current smoking, lower levels of education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglyceride values were associated significantly with increased serum cystatin C levels. LIMITATIONS: No measured glomerular filtration rate, single measurement of cystatin C, cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSIONS: Serum cystatin C level is related to sex and ethnicity, even in young healthy individuals. The prevalence of increased cystatin C levels increases dramatically with age, reaching greater than 50% after the age of 80 years in both sexes and all ethnic groups.
BACKGROUND: Serum cystatin C increasingly is used as a marker of glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular risk. However, information for serum cystatin C levels in the general population, specifically across a wide age range and different ethnicities, is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine nationally representative serum cystatin C levels, estimate the prevalence of increased cystatin C levels in the general population, and identify factors associated with increased cystatin C levels. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative subsample of 7,596 participants aged 12 years or older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994. PREDICTORS: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk factors for chronic kidney disease. OUTCOMES: Continuous serum cystatin C levels and serum cystatin C level greater than 1.12 mg/L. MEASUREMENTS: Cystatin C was measured in 2006 from stored sera by using an automated particle-enhanced nephelometric assay. RESULTS: Overall median serum cystatin C level was 0.85 mg/L. Median cystatin C levels increased steeply with age and were greater in males and non-Hispanic white persons, even in a healthy subgroup of 20- to 39-year-olds. Prevalences of increased serum cystatin C levels (>1.12 mg/L) were 1%, 41%, and greater than 50% in all persons aged younger than 20 years, 60 years or older, and 80 years or older. In persons aged 60 years and older, older age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, hypertension, current smoking, lower levels of education and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased body mass index, C-reactive protein, and triglyceride values were associated significantly with increased serum cystatin C levels. LIMITATIONS: No measured glomerular filtration rate, single measurement of cystatin C, cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSIONS: Serum cystatin C level is related to sex and ethnicity, even in young healthy individuals. The prevalence of increased cystatin C levels increases dramatically with age, reaching greater than 50% after the age of 80 years in both sexes and all ethnic groups.
Authors: Brad C Astor; Tariq Shafi; Ron C Hoogeveen; Kunihiro Matsushita; Christie M Ballantyne; Lesley A Inker; Josef Coresh Journal: Am J Kidney Dis Date: 2012-02-04 Impact factor: 8.860
Authors: Min Ji Shin; Sang Heon Song; Ihm Soo Kwak; Soo Bong Lee; Dong Won Lee; Eun Young Seong; Il Young Kim; Harin Rhee; Naria Lee Journal: Clin Exp Nephrol Date: 2012-01-26 Impact factor: 2.801
Authors: Michelle M Estrella; Brad C Astor; Anna Köttgen; Elizabeth Selvin; Josef Coresh; Rulan S Parekh Journal: Nephrol Dial Transplant Date: 2010-02-22 Impact factor: 5.992
Authors: Darcy Groesbeck; Anna Köttgen; Rulan Parekh; Elizabeth Selvin; George J Schwartz; Josef Coresh; Susan Furth Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2008-09-24 Impact factor: 8.237