OBJECTIVES: To examine cognitive abilities of low-income preschoolers with uncorrected ametropia and effects of spectacle correction. METHODS: Baseline and 6-week data from a longitudinal controlled study were analyzed. Subjects were 70 preschoolers (mean age, 4.6 years; 60.0% were female; and 85.7% were Latino), including 35 children with previously uncorrected ametropia and 35 emmetropic control subjects. Ametropia was defined as bilateral hyperopia of 4.00 diopters (D) or more in children aged 3 to 5 years, astigmatism of 2.00 D or more in children aged 3 years and 1.50 D or more in children aged 4 and 5 years, or a combination of both. Emmetropia was defined as 2.00 sphere diopters or less and 1.00 cylinder diopter or less in both eyes. Ametropes were assessed before and 6 weeks after correction and compared with control subjects. Primary and secondary outcome measures were Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised scores, respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, uncorrected ametropes scored significantly lower on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (P = .005) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised performance scale (P = .01). After 6 weeks of correction, the ametropic group significantly improved on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration compared with emmetropic control subjects (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Preschoolers with uncorrected ametropia had significant reduction in visual-motor function. Wearing spectacles for 6 weeks improved Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration scores to emmetropic levels.
OBJECTIVES: To examine cognitive abilities of low-income preschoolers with uncorrected ametropia and effects of spectacle correction. METHODS: Baseline and 6-week data from a longitudinal controlled study were analyzed. Subjects were 70 preschoolers (mean age, 4.6 years; 60.0% were female; and 85.7% were Latino), including 35 children with previously uncorrected ametropia and 35 emmetropic control subjects. Ametropia was defined as bilateral hyperopia of 4.00 diopters (D) or more in children aged 3 to 5 years, astigmatism of 2.00 D or more in children aged 3 years and 1.50 D or more in children aged 4 and 5 years, or a combination of both. Emmetropia was defined as 2.00 sphere diopters or less and 1.00 cylinder diopter or less in both eyes. Ametropes were assessed before and 6 weeks after correction and compared with control subjects. Primary and secondary outcome measures were Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised scores, respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, uncorrected ametropes scored significantly lower on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (P = .005) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised performance scale (P = .01). After 6 weeks of correction, the ametropic group significantly improved on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration compared with emmetropic control subjects (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Preschoolers with uncorrected ametropia had significant reduction in visual-motor function. Wearing spectacles for 6 weeks improved Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration scores to emmetropic levels.
Authors: Erin M Harvey; Tina K Leonard-Green; Kathleen M Mohan; Marjean Taylor Kulp; Amy L Davis; Joseph M Miller; J Daniel Twelker; Irene Campus; Leslie K Dennis Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2017-05 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Xuejuan Jiang; Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch; Douglas Stram; Joanne Katz; David S Friedman; James M Tielsch; Saiko Matsumura; Seang-Mei Saw; Paul Mitchell; Kathryn A Rose; Susan A Cotter; Rohit Varma Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2019-02-26 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Josephine O Ibironke; David S Friedman; Michael X Repka; Joanne Katz; Lydia Giordano; Patricia Hawse; James M Tielsch Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2011-02 Impact factor: 1.973
Authors: Marjean Taylor Kulp; Elise Ciner; Maureen Maguire; Maxwell Pistilli; T Rowan Candy; Gui-Shuang Ying; Graham Quinn; Lynn Cyert; Bruce Moore Journal: Optom Vis Sci Date: 2017-10 Impact factor: 1.973