UAP56 RNA helicase is required for axis specification and cytoplasmic mRNA localization in Drosophila.

mRNA export from the nucleus requires the RNA helicase UAP56 and involves remodeling of ribonucleo-protein complexes in the nucleus. Here, we show that UAP56 is required for bulk mRNA export from the nurse cell nuclei that supply most of the material to the growing Drosophila oocyte and for the organization of chromatin in the oocyte nucleus. Loss of UAP56 function leads to patterning defects that identify uap56 as a spindle-class gene similar to the RNA helicase Vasa. UAP56 is required for the localization of gurken, bicoid and oskar mRNA as well as post-translational modification of Osk protein. By injecting grk RNA into the oocyte cytoplasm, we show that UAP56 plays a role in cytoplasmic mRNA localization. We propose that UAP56 has two independent functions in the remodeling of ribonucleo-protein complexes. The first is in the nucleus for mRNA export of most transcripts from the nucleus. The second is in the cytoplasm for remodeling the transacting factors that decorate mRNA and dictate its cytoplasmic destination.