Trends in penetrating keratoplasty in the United States 1980-2005.

In this review, we analyze the trends in corneal transplantation over the past 25 years in the United States. The most dramatic change was the progressive sharp increase in the number of corneal transplants performed during the 1980s, corresponding with the rise of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) as the leading indication for keratoplasty. More recently, there has been a steady annual decline in total keratoplasties for more than a decade, corresponding with a decline in the cases performed for PBK, which still accounts for the highest percentage of cases done. Regrafts have been an increasingly important indication for keratoplasty, as older grafts fail. Keratoconus, Fuchs dystrophy, and other inherited diseases have remained consistent indications for keratoplasty during the last quarter century.