OBJECTIVE: Due to its high content of lignans, alpha-linolenic acid and fiber, flaxseed may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in humans. The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy menopausal women. METHODS:One hundred ninety-nine women were randomly assigned to consume 40 g daily of flaxseed or wheat germ placebo for 12 mo. Fatty acids, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein particle size, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, insulin, and glucose were measured at baseline and at 12 mo. RESULTS:In total 179 women were available for the intention-to-treat analysis. Flaxseed increased plasma alpha-linolenic (P < 0.0001), docosapentaenoic (P = 0.001), and total omega-3 fatty (P = 0.0004) acids. Differences between flaxseed and wheat germ were observed for apolipoprotein A-1 (-0.10 +/- 0.26 g/L, P = 0.011) and apolipoprotein B (-0.05 +/- 0.16 g/L, P = 0.047). From baseline, flaxseed raised apolipoproteins A-1 and B by 4.4% (P = 0.006) and 3% (P = 0.054), whereas wheat germ increased these apolipoproteins by 11.6% (P < 0.0001) and 7% (P = 0.0001), respectively. Both treatments increased lipoprotein(a) (P < 0.0001) and decreased low-density lipoprotein peak particle size (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In this large, long-term, placebo-controlled trial in healthy menopausal women, flaxseed increased some omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and had a limited effect on apolipoprotein metabolism.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: Due to its high content of lignans, alpha-linolenic acid and fiber, flaxseed may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in humans. The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy menopausal women. METHODS: One hundred ninety-nine women were randomly assigned to consume 40 g daily of flaxseed or wheat germ placebo for 12 mo. Fatty acids, apolipoproteins A-1 and B, lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein particle size, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, insulin, and glucose were measured at baseline and at 12 mo. RESULTS: In total 179 women were available for the intention-to-treat analysis. Flaxseed increased plasma alpha-linolenic (P < 0.0001), docosapentaenoic (P = 0.001), and total omega-3 fatty (P = 0.0004) acids. Differences between flaxseed and wheat germ were observed for apolipoprotein A-1 (-0.10 +/- 0.26 g/L, P = 0.011) and apolipoprotein B (-0.05 +/- 0.16 g/L, P = 0.047). From baseline, flaxseed raised apolipoproteins A-1 and B by 4.4% (P = 0.006) and 3% (P = 0.054), whereas wheat germ increased these apolipoproteins by 11.6% (P < 0.0001) and 7% (P = 0.0001), respectively. Both treatments increased lipoprotein(a) (P < 0.0001) and decreased low-density lipoprotein peak particle size (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In this large, long-term, placebo-controlled trial in healthy menopausal women, flaxseed increased some omega-3 fatty acids in plasma and had a limited effect on apolipoprotein metabolism.
Authors: Giorgio Biasiotto; Marialetizia Penza; Isabella Zanella; Moris Cadei; Luigi Caimi; Cristina Rossini; Annika I Smeds; Diego Di Lorenzo Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2014-02-25 Impact factor: 5.614
Authors: Ameer Y Taha; Yewon Cheon; Keturah F Faurot; Beth Macintosh; Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong; J Douglas Mann; Joseph R Hibbeln; Amit Ringel; Christopher E Ramsden Journal: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids Date: 2014-02-24 Impact factor: 4.006
Authors: Rozenn N Lemaitre; Colleen Sitlani; Xiaoling Song; Irena B King; Barbara McKnight; Donna Spiegelman; Frank M Sacks; Luc Djoussé; Eric B Rimm; David S Siscovick; Dariush Mozaffarian Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2012-06-27 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Monika Eichholzer; Aline Richard; Holly L Nicastro; Elizabeth A Platz; Jakob Linseisen; Sabine Rohrmann Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2014-01-25 Impact factor: 2.506