BACKGROUND: A higher heart rate (HR) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor. The present study evaluated whether a higher HR was associated with the development of hypertension in normotensive, screened subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among normotensive participants of a 1-day health evaluation in 1997, we studied those who also participated in the program in 2000 (n=4,331; 2,823 men (65%), 1,508 women; mean age 47+/-9 years). Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on their HR in 1997: quartile 1 (HR <or=58, n=1,033), quartile 2 (59<or=HR <or=64, n=1,162), quartile 3 (65<or=HR <or=70, n=1,012), and quartile 4 (HR >or=71, n=1,124). The 3-year frequency of developing hypertension in 2000 was 4.5% for quartile 1, 6.8% for quartile 2, 6.0% for quartile 3, and 7.2% for quartile 4 (p=0.0424). Subjects with a higher HR were likely to have a greater number of metabolic syndrome components and a higher incidence of proteinuria. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, alcohol consumption, exercise, atherosclerotic risk factors, and lifestyle, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the development of hypertension were 1.53 (1.04-2.24) for quartile 2, 1.35 (0.90-2.02) for quartile 3, and 1.61 (1.10-2.37) for quartile 4, compared with quartile 1 as a reference. CONCLUSION: A higher HR was associated with the development of hypertension. Subjects with a higher HR should be followed carefully, even if they are normotensive.
BACKGROUND: A higher heart rate (HR) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor. The present study evaluated whether a higher HR was associated with the development of hypertension in normotensive, screened subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among normotensive participants of a 1-day health evaluation in 1997, we studied those who also participated in the program in 2000 (n=4,331; 2,823 men (65%), 1,508 women; mean age 47+/-9 years). Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on their HR in 1997: quartile 1 (HR <or=58, n=1,033), quartile 2 (59<or=HR <or=64, n=1,162), quartile 3 (65<or=HR <or=70, n=1,012), and quartile 4 (HR >or=71, n=1,124). The 3-year frequency of developing hypertension in 2000 was 4.5% for quartile 1, 6.8% for quartile 2, 6.0% for quartile 3, and 7.2% for quartile 4 (p=0.0424). Subjects with a higher HR were likely to have a greater number of metabolic syndrome components and a higher incidence of proteinuria. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, age, alcohol consumption, exercise, atherosclerotic risk factors, and lifestyle, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the development of hypertension were 1.53 (1.04-2.24) for quartile 2, 1.35 (0.90-2.02) for quartile 3, and 1.61 (1.10-2.37) for quartile 4, compared with quartile 1 as a reference. CONCLUSION: A higher HR was associated with the development of hypertension. Subjects with a higher HR should be followed carefully, even if they are normotensive.
Authors: H C Zheng; E C Xue; X H Wang; X Chen; S Y Wang; H Huang; J Jiang; Y Ye; C L Huang; Y Zhou; W J Gao; C Q Yu; J Lv; X L Wu; X M Huang; W H Cao; Y S Yan; T Wu; L M Li Journal: Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Date: 2020-06-18
Authors: Marcel den Hoed; Mark Eijgelsheim; Tõnu Esko; Bianca J J M Brundel; David S Peal; David M Evans; Ilja M Nolte; Ayellet V Segrè; Hilma Holm; Robert E Handsaker; Harm-Jan Westra; Toby Johnson; Aaron Isaacs; Jian Yang; Alicia Lundby; Jing Hua Zhao; Young Jin Kim; Min Jin Go; Peter Almgren; Murielle Bochud; Gabrielle Boucher; Marilyn C Cornelis; Daniel Gudbjartsson; David Hadley; Pim van der Harst; Caroline Hayward; Martin den Heijer; Wilmar Igl; Anne U Jackson; Zoltán Kutalik; Jian'an Luan; John P Kemp; Kati Kristiansson; Claes Ladenvall; Mattias Lorentzon; May E Montasser; Omer T Njajou; Paul F O'Reilly; Sandosh Padmanabhan; Beate St Pourcain; Tuomo Rankinen; Perttu Salo; Toshiko Tanaka; Nicholas J Timpson; Veronique Vitart; Lindsay Waite; William Wheeler; Weihua Zhang; Harmen H M Draisma; Mary F Feitosa; Kathleen F Kerr; Penelope A Lind; Evelin Mihailov; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Ci Song; Michael N Weedon; Weijia Xie; Loic Yengo; Devin Absher; Christine M Albert; Alvaro Alonso; Dan E Arking; Paul I W de Bakker; Beverley Balkau; Cristina Barlassina; Paola Benaglio; Joshua C Bis; Nabila Bouatia-Naji; Søren Brage; Stephen J Chanock; Peter S Chines; Mina Chung; Dawood Darbar; Christian Dina; Marcus Dörr; Paul Elliott; Stephan B Felix; Krista Fischer; Christian Fuchsberger; Eco J C de Geus; Philippe Goyette; Vilmundur Gudnason; Tamara B Harris; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Aki S Havulinna; Susan R Heckbert; Andrew A Hicks; Albert Hofman; Suzanne Holewijn; Femke Hoogstra-Berends; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Majken K Jensen; Asa Johansson; Juhani Junttila; Stefan Kääb; Bart Kanon; Shamika Ketkar; Kay-Tee Khaw; Joshua W Knowles; Angrad S Kooner; Jan A Kors; Meena Kumari; Lili Milani; Päivi Laiho; Edward G Lakatta; Claudia Langenberg; Maarten Leusink; Yongmei Liu; Robert N Luben; Kathryn L Lunetta; Stacey N Lynch; Marcello R P Markus; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Irene Mateo Leach; Wendy L McArdle; Steven A McCarroll; Sarah E Medland; Kathryn A Miller; Grant W Montgomery; Alanna C Morrison; Martina Müller-Nurasyid; Pau Navarro; Mari Nelis; Jeffrey R O'Connell; Christopher J O'Donnell; Ken K Ong; Anne B Newman; Annette Peters; Ozren Polasek; Anneli Pouta; Peter P Pramstaller; Bruce M Psaty; Dabeeru C Rao; Susan M Ring; Elizabeth J Rossin; Diana Rudan; Serena Sanna; Robert A Scott; Jaban S Sehmi; Stephen Sharp; Jordan T Shin; Andrew B Singleton; Albert V Smith; Nicole Soranzo; Tim D Spector; Chip Stewart; Heather M Stringham; Kirill V Tarasov; André G Uitterlinden; Liesbeth Vandenput; Shih-Jen Hwang; John B Whitfield; Cisca Wijmenga; Sarah H Wild; Gonneke Willemsen; James F Wilson; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Andrew Wong; Quenna Wong; Yalda Jamshidi; Paavo Zitting; Jolanda M A Boer; Dorret I Boomsma; Ingrid B Borecki; Cornelia M van Duijn; Ulf Ekelund; Nita G Forouhi; Philippe Froguel; Aroon Hingorani; Erik Ingelsson; Mika Kivimaki; Richard A Kronmal; Diana Kuh; Lars Lind; Nicholas G Martin; Ben A Oostra; Nancy L Pedersen; Thomas Quertermous; Jerome I Rotter; Yvonne T van der Schouw; W M Monique Verschuren; Mark Walker; Demetrius Albanes; David O Arnar; Themistocles L Assimes; Stefania Bandinelli; Michael Boehnke; Rudolf A de Boer; Claude Bouchard; W L Mark Caulfield; John C Chambers; Gary Curhan; Daniele Cusi; Johan Eriksson; Luigi Ferrucci; Wiek H van Gilst; Nicola Glorioso; Jacqueline de Graaf; Leif Groop; Ulf Gyllensten; Wen-Chi Hsueh; Frank B Hu; Heikki V Huikuri; David J Hunter; Carlos Iribarren; Bo Isomaa; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Antti Jula; Mika Kähönen; Lambertus A Kiemeney; Melanie M van der Klauw; Jaspal S Kooner; Peter Kraft; Licia Iacoviello; Terho Lehtimäki; Marja-Liisa L Lokki; Braxton D Mitchell; Gerjan Navis; Markku S Nieminen; Claes Ohlsson; Neil R Poulter; Lu Qi; Olli T Raitakari; Eric B Rimm; John D Rioux; Federica Rizzi; Igor Rudan; Veikko Salomaa; Peter S Sever; Denis C Shields; Alan R Shuldiner; Juha Sinisalo; Alice V Stanton; Ronald P Stolk; David P Strachan; Jean-Claude Tardif; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Jaako Tuomilehto; Dirk J van Veldhuisen; Jarmo Virtamo; Jorma Viikari; Peter Vollenweider; Gérard Waeber; Elisabeth Widen; Yoon Shin Cho; Jesper V Olsen; Peter M Visscher; Cristen Willer; Lude Franke; Jeanette Erdmann; John R Thompson; Arne Pfeufer; Nona Sotoodehnia; Christopher Newton-Cheh; Patrick T Ellinor; Bruno H Ch Stricker; Andres Metspalu; Markus Perola; Jacques S Beckmann; George Davey Smith; Kari Stefansson; Nicholas J Wareham; Patricia B Munroe; Ody C M Sibon; David J Milan; Harold Snieder; Nilesh J Samani; Ruth J F Loos Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2013-04-14 Impact factor: 38.330