BACKGROUND: In North America and Europe, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has typically been dominated by subtype B transmission. More recently, however, non-B subtypes have been increasingly reported in Europe. METHODS: We analyzed 1158 HIV-1-infected individuals in Greece by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of protease and partial reverse-transcriptase regions. RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of non-B subtypes has increased over time and that this significant trend can be mainly attributed to subtype A, which eventually surpassed subtype B in prevalence in 2004 (42% and 33%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the year of HIV diagnosis was independently associated with subtype A infection (odds ratio for being infected with subtype A for a 10-year increase in the time period of diagnosis, 2.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.36-3.24]; P<.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the subtype A epidemic in Greece is the result of a single founder event. The date of the most recent common ancestor of the subtype A in Greece was estimated to be 1977.9 (95% highest posterior density interval, 1973.7-1981.9). CONCLUSIONS: Subtype A circulates among the long-term residents of Greece. This is in contrast to the situation in most European countries, in which infection with non-B genetic forms is associated either with being an immigrant or heterosexual or with intravenous drug use.
BACKGROUND: In North America and Europe, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has typically been dominated by subtype B transmission. More recently, however, non-B subtypes have been increasingly reported in Europe. METHODS: We analyzed 1158 HIV-1-infected individuals in Greece by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of protease and partial reverse-transcriptase regions. RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of non-B subtypes has increased over time and that this significant trend can be mainly attributed to subtype A, which eventually surpassed subtype B in prevalence in 2004 (42% and 33%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the year of HIV diagnosis was independently associated with subtype A infection (odds ratio for being infected with subtype A for a 10-year increase in the time period of diagnosis, 2.09 [95% confidence interval, 1.36-3.24]; P<.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the subtype A epidemic in Greece is the result of a single founder event. The date of the most recent common ancestor of the subtype A in Greece was estimated to be 1977.9 (95% highest posterior density interval, 1973.7-1981.9). CONCLUSIONS: Subtype A circulates among the long-term residents of Greece. This is in contrast to the situation in most European countries, in which infection with non-B genetic forms is associated either with being an immigrant or heterosexual or with intravenous drug use.
Authors: Dimitrios Paraskevis; Georgios K Nikolopoulos; Vana Sypsa; Mina Psichogiou; Katerina Pantavou; Evangelia Kostaki; Timokratis Karamitros; Dimitra Paraskeva; John Schneider; Melpomeni Malliori; Samuel R Friedman; Don C Des Jarlais; Georgios L Daikos; Angelos Hatzakis Journal: Infect Genet Evol Date: 2018-04-10 Impact factor: 3.342
Authors: Arthur H Robbins; Roxana M Coman; Edith Bracho-Sanchez; Marty A Fernandez; C Taylor Gilliland; Mi Li; Mavis Agbandje-McKenna; Alexander Wlodawer; Ben M Dunn; Robert McKenna Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr Date: 2010-02-12
Authors: Gonzalo Bello; Paula C Aulicino; Dora Ruchansky; Monick L Guimarães; Cecilio Lopez-Galindez; Concha Casado; Hector Chiparelli; Carlos Rocco; Andrea Mangano; Luisa Sen; Mariza G Morgado Journal: Retrovirology Date: 2010-03-22 Impact factor: 4.602
Authors: Dimitrios Paraskevis; Oliver Pybus; Gkikas Magiorkinis; Angelos Hatzakis; Annemarie Mj Wensing; David A van de Vijver; Jan Albert; Guiseppe Angarano; Birgitta Asjö; Claudia Balotta; Enzo Boeri; Ricardo Camacho; Marie-Laure Chaix; Suzie Coughlan; Dominique Costagliola; Andrea De Luca; Carmen de Mendoza; Inge Derdelinckx; Zehava Grossman; Osama Hamouda; Im Hoepelman; Andrzej Horban; Klaus Korn; Claudia Kücherer; Thomas Leitner; Clive Loveday; Eilidh Macrae; I Maljkovic-Berry; Laurence Meyer; Claus Nielsen; Eline Lm Op de Coul; Vidar Ormaasen; Luc Perrin; Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl; Lidia Ruiz; Mika O Salminen; Jean-Claude Schmit; Rob Schuurman; Vincent Soriano; J Stanczak; Maja Stanojevic; Daniel Struck; Kristel Van Laethem; M Violin; Sabine Yerly; Maurizio Zazzi; Charles A Boucher; Anne-Mieke Vandamme Journal: Retrovirology Date: 2009-05-20 Impact factor: 4.602