Post-translational processing of selenoprotein P: implications of glycosylation for its utilisation by target cells.

Selenoprotein P (SeP) is a highly glycosylated plasma protein containing up to 10 selenocysteine residues. It is secreted by hepatocytes and also by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Pharmacological inhibitors interfering with N-glycosylation, intracellular trafficking and calcium homeostasis were applied to examine post-translational processing and secretion of SeP by HepG2 cells. In parallel, the prototypic secretory glycoprotein alpha1-antitrypsin was used as technical control. Secretion of SeP was stimulated by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration and by inhibiting the release of sequestered calcium through dantrolene or U-73122. In contrast, brefeldin A and thapsigargin suppressed SeP secretion. Tunicamycin and monensin induced the synthesis of truncated non-glycosylated and partially glycosylated forms of SeP, which were secreted in spite of their impaired glycosylation. Both non-glycosylated and partially glycosylated SeP is utilised as selenium donor by target cells: impaired glycosylation affected neither the ability of SeP to induce the synthesis of the selenoenzyme cytosolic glutathione peroxidase nor its capacity to protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress.