OBJECTIVE: To determine the US national prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether prevalence, recognition, and treatment vary by socioeconomic group. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Nationally representative sample of the US population from 2001 to 2004. PARTICIPANTS: Eight- to 15-year-old children (N = 3082) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (caregiver module) was used to ascertain the presence of ADHD in the past year based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) criteria. Prior diagnosis of ADHD by a health professional and ADHD medication use were assessed by caregiver report. RESULTS: Of the children, 8.7% met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The poorest children (lowest quintile) were more likely than the wealthiest (highest quintile) to fulfill criteria for ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9). Among children meeting DSM-IV ADHD criteria, 47.9% had a prior diagnosis of ADHD and 32.0% were treated consistently with ADHD medications during the past year. Girls were less likely than boys to have their disorder identified (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8), and the wealthiest children were more likely than the poorest to receive regular medication treatment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-9.1). CONCLUSIONS: Of US children aged 8 to 15 years, 8.7%, an estimated 2.4 million, meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Less than half of children meeting DSM-IV criteria report receiving either a diagnosis of ADHD or regular medication treatment. Poor children are most likely to meet criteria for ADHD yet are least likely to receive consistent pharmacotherapy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the US national prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether prevalence, recognition, and treatment vary by socioeconomic group. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Nationally representative sample of the US population from 2001 to 2004. PARTICIPANTS: Eight- to 15-year-old children (N = 3082) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (caregiver module) was used to ascertain the presence of ADHD in the past year based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) criteria. Prior diagnosis of ADHD by a health professional and ADHD medication use were assessed by caregiver report. RESULTS: Of the children, 8.7% met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The poorest children (lowest quintile) were more likely than the wealthiest (highest quintile) to fulfill criteria for ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9). Among children meeting DSM-IV ADHD criteria, 47.9% had a prior diagnosis of ADHD and 32.0% were treated consistently with ADHD medications during the past year. Girls were less likely than boys to have their disorder identified (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8), and the wealthiest children were more likely than the poorest to receive regular medication treatment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-9.1). CONCLUSIONS: Of US children aged 8 to 15 years, 8.7%, an estimated 2.4 million, meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. Less than half of children meeting DSM-IV criteria report receiving either a diagnosis of ADHD or regular medication treatment. Poor children are most likely to meet criteria for ADHD yet are least likely to receive consistent pharmacotherapy.
Authors: Craig F Garfield; E Ray Dorsey; Shu Zhu; Haiden A Huskamp; Rena Conti; Stacie B Dusetzina; Ashley Higashi; James M Perrin; Rachel Kornfield; G Caleb Alexander Journal: Acad Pediatr Date: 2012-02-10 Impact factor: 3.107
Authors: Brent R Collett; Kathleen A Kapp-Simon; Erin Wallace; Mary Michaeleen Cradock; Lauren Buono; Matthew L Speltz Journal: Child Neuropsychol Date: 2015-09-18 Impact factor: 2.500
Authors: Leanne Tamm; Jeffery N Epstein; Carolyn A Denton; Aaron J Vaughn; James Peugh; Erik G Willcutt Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2014-02-17 Impact factor: 2.892