Genome sequence of Leucania seperata nucleopolyhedrovirus.

The nucleotide sequence of the Leucania seperata (Ls) Nucleopolyhedrovirus (LsNPV) genome has been determined and analyzed. The circular dsDNA genome contains 168041 bp, making it the largest NPV sequenced to date. The genome has a G + C content of 48.6% and encodes 169 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), one unique repeat region, and eight homologous repeat regions that are divided into two groups. Of the genome, 82.8% encodes predicted ORFs including five dispersal ORFs that have a large overlaps (range in 149 approximately 390 bp) with their adjacent ORFs, respectively such as expression factor 10, 11, 5, 2 (lef-10, lef-11, lef-5, lef-2), and telokin-like protein-20 (tlp-20); 4.4% is in repeat regions; the remaining 12.8% of the genome comprises nonrepeat intergenic regions. LsNPV encodes homologues of 133 ORFs identified previously in other baculoviruses. Other than 10 'baculovirus repeat ORFs' (bro) and two 'inhibitor of apoptosis' (iap) genes, no duplicated ORFs were found. LsNPV lacks a homologue of the ubiquitin gene, which has been found in all fully sequenced baculoviruses. Iap3 and p49, two genes were proven to be inhibitors of apoptosis by experiment, and are found in the LsNPV genome. It is not found in other baculoviruses that two kinds of inhibitors of apoptosis present in a baculovirus genome.