Screening for cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease with the Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) instrument.

Cognitive and affective dysfunctions are frequent but often neglected symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). We developed the screening tool Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment (PANDA) with five cognitive tasks and a short depression questionnaire. Healthy subjects and patients without cognitive impairment (PD), mild cognitive disorder (PD-MCD), or dementia (PDD) were examined. The cognition part had a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 90% for PDD and 77% for PDD plus PD-MCD patients. The mood questionnaire also had high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the PANDA is an economical, easy-to-use and sensitive tool to detect neuropsychological dysfunctions in PD patients in clinical practice.