Specializations for sharp tuning in the mustached bat: the tectorial membrane and spiral limbus.

The sense of hearing in the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii, is specialized for fine frequency analysis in three narrow bands that correspond to approx 30, 60 and 90 kHz constant frequency harmonics in the biosonar signals used for Doppler-shift compensation and acoustic imaging of the environment. Previous studies have identified anatomical specializations in and around the area of the cochlea that processes the dominant second harmonic component, but similar features have not been found in areas related to sharp tuning and high sensitivity for the first or third harmonics. In this report we call attention to the large size of the tectorial membrane and spiral limbus in all three areas that appear to process the harmonically related constant frequency components. These structures are especially pronounced in the regions of the cochlea that respond to the approx 61 kHz, second harmonic and 91.5 kHz, third harmonic bands; they correspond specifically to areas where the density of afferent nerve fibers is high and where very sharply tuned neurons occur. These data for cochleae with multiple specializations lend strong support to the idea that the mass of the tectorial membrane can be an important factor in establishing the response properties of the cochlea.