PROBLEM: The immune system is well controlled by the balance between immunostimulation and immunoregulation. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and an enzyme called indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediate maternal tolerance of the allogeneic fetus. Treg cells, therefore, may prevent early pregnancy loss due to maternal 'rejection.' METHODS: The latest understanding of tolerance during pregnancy is reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Recent data show that CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells play essential roles in the induction and maintenance of tolerance, and that they augment the IDO activity in dendritic cells and macrophages. Therefore, CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells and IDO enzyme may cooperate in the induction of tolerance during pregnancy. Treg deficiency is associated with very early post-implantation loss and spontaneous abortion in animal models, and low Treg levels are associated with recurrent miscarriages in humans.
PROBLEM: The immune system is well controlled by the balance between immunostimulation and immunoregulation. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells and an enzyme called indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediate maternal tolerance of the allogeneic fetus. Treg cells, therefore, may prevent early pregnancy loss due to maternal 'rejection.' METHODS: The latest understanding of tolerance during pregnancy is reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Recent data show that CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells play essential roles in the induction and maintenance of tolerance, and that they augment the IDO activity in dendritic cells and macrophages. Therefore, CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells and IDO enzyme may cooperate in the induction of tolerance during pregnancy. Treg deficiency is associated with very early post-implantation loss and spontaneous abortion in animal models, and low Treg levels are associated with recurrent miscarriages in humans.
Authors: Ana Claudia Zenclussen; Katrin Gerlof; Maria Laura Zenclussen; André Sollwedel; Annarosa Zambon Bertoja; Thomas Ritter; Katja Kotsch; Joachim Leber; Hans-Dieter Volk Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2005-03 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: David H Munn; Madhav D Sharma; Jeffrey R Lee; Kanchan G Jhaver; Theodore S Johnson; Derin B Keskin; Brendan Marshall; Phillip Chandler; Scott J Antonia; Russell Burgess; Craig L Slingluff; Andrew L Mellor Journal: Science Date: 2002-09-13 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Ciriaco A Piccirillo; John J Letterio; Angela M Thornton; Rebecca S McHugh; Mizuko Mamura; Hidekazu Mizuhara; Ethan M Shevach Journal: J Exp Med Date: 2002-07-15 Impact factor: 14.307