Preparation and characterization of multilayered hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin film.

We prepared multilayered films consisting of silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) by alternating lamination using untreated SF and HAp-deposited SF films. Untreated SF films were prepared from a regenerated SF solution by air drying. HAp-deposited SF films were prepared by soaking methanol-treated SF films containing >5 wt% CaCl2 in a simulated body fluid with the ion concentration 1.5-fold higher than that of the standard one. The multilayered HAp/SF films had HAp layers with approximate thicknesses of 3-5 microm and SF layers with thicknesses of 40-70 microm. The bonding strength between the SF and HAp layers was significantly affected by temperature and compression time under the lamination method. The optimal conditions for achieving the maximum T-peel strength and beta-sheet contents were determined to be 130 degrees C for 4 min. The Young's modulus of the multilayered films (133.4 MPa) was higher than that of the films consisting of SF alone (92.5 MPa) under swollen conditions. The biocompatibility of the HAp-deposited SF films was analyzed by culturing of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on a film. The results indicate that HAp-deposited SF films and SF films show similar degrees of cell adhesion and alkaline phosphatase activities.