Literature DB >> 17619654

An interactive lesson in acid/base and pro-drug chemistry using sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate and commercial test coasters.

Nathaniel A Page1, Meaghan Paganelli, Kathleen M K Boje, Ho-Leung Fung.   

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To develop a classroom activity that applied pertinent pharmaceutical concepts to examine the use and limitations of a commercially available test drink coaster in detecting the presence of a date-rape drug, sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB), in beverages.
DESIGN: An activity exercise involving a combination of self-study, hands on participation, and classroom discussion was developed. Topics incorporated into the activity were drug-assisted rape, the concepts of false positives and negatives, and prodrug and pH chemistry. ASSESSMENT: Based on questionnaires completed by the students, the intended concepts were reinforced and students demonstrated an increased awareness of the potential shortcomings of the commercial test devices. The activity was well received by the majority of students.
CONCLUSION: The developed activity stimulated student awareness and interest in several principles relevant in pharmaceutical education, including drug-assisted rape, consumer-based drug testing of NaGHB, and the chemical basis for its limitations. The activity requires no special equipment other than the drink coasters and can be easily completed in one 2-hour classroom session.

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Year:  2007        PMID: 17619654      PMCID: PMC1913297          DOI: 10.5688/aj710354

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Am J Pharm Educ        ISSN: 0002-9459            Impact factor:   2.047


  11 in total

Review 1.  Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.

Authors:  O Carter Snead; K Michael Gibson
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2005-06-30       Impact factor: 91.245

Review 2.  NTP summary report on the metabolism, disposition, and toxicity of 1,4-butanediol (CAS No. 110-63-4).

Authors:  R D Irwin
Journal:  Toxic Rep Ser       Date:  1996-05

3.  Renal clearance of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rats: increasing renal elimination as a detoxification strategy.

Authors:  Marilyn E Morris; Ke Hu; Qi Wang
Journal:  J Pharmacol Exp Ther       Date:  2005-02-18       Impact factor: 4.030

4.  Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and hypnotic effects of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the rat.

Authors:  J T Lettieri; H L Fung
Journal:  J Pharmacol Exp Ther       Date:  1979-01       Impact factor: 4.030

5.  A study of the effectiveness of commercially available drink test coasters for the detection of "date rape" drugs in beverages.

Authors:  Jodi E Meyers; José R Almirall
Journal:  J Anal Toxicol       Date:  2004 Nov-Dec       Impact factor: 3.367

6.  Verve and Jolt: deadly new Internet drugs.

Authors:  J P Winickoff; C S Houck; E L Rothman; H Bauchner
Journal:  Pediatrics       Date:  2000-10       Impact factor: 7.124

Review 7.  Gamma hydroxy butyrate abuse and dependency.

Authors:  Alejandro Gonzalez; David J Nutt
Journal:  J Psychopharmacol       Date:  2005-03       Impact factor: 4.153

8.  Improved pharmacological activity via pro-drug modification: comparative pharmacokinetics of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone.

Authors:  J Lettieri; H L Fung
Journal:  Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol       Date:  1978-10

9.  Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in rat brain regions and plasma.

Authors:  Ho-Leung Fung; Eric Haas; Joseph Raybon; Jian Xu; Sun-Mi Fung
Journal:  J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci       Date:  2004-08-05       Impact factor: 3.205

10.  GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) carrier-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier.

Authors:  Indranil Bhattacharya; Kathleen M K Boje
Journal:  J Pharmacol Exp Ther       Date:  2004-06-01       Impact factor: 4.030

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