Diagnosis of bladder cancer at 465 MHz.

Current methods for bladder cancer investigation involve cystoscopy, ultrasound scanning, and contrast urography, with additional information provided by cytology. These methods, although having a high detection rate, are expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and uncomfortable. Therefore, there is a need for an inexpensive, non invasive, quick, and simple investigation with a high sensitivity and specificity. In this study we evaluate the use of an in vivo electromagnetic (EM) interaction as a non invasive method for detecting cancer. A clinical trial was designed and completed. The main trial target was the feasibility assessment of the novel method by comparing its results with standard cystoscopy. A physical discussion of the EM interaction with bladder cancer tissue is presented. One hundred and fourteen patients referred for cystoscopy by microscopic or gross haematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, or suspected bladder tumor at ultrasound were first submitted to EM scan by means of the TRIMprob system. Cystoscopy was performed on each patient after the TRIMprob examination. Comparison between EM and cystoscopy results provides a high level of agreement (Cohen's K = 0.77, p < 0.001). The TRIMprob performance in malignant cancer cells detection suggests that this in vivo EM waves method is also worth investigating for routine diagnostic procedures.