OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure of workers coming from three different industrial branches by several parameters of external and internal exposure. By analysing the relationships between those markers the suitability of individual parameters [e.g. monohydroxylated phenanthrene (Phe) metabolites] for exposure surveillance should be evaluated. METHODS: The total study population consisted of 255 male workers (age: 19-62, mean: 39.61 years), who were employed in coke production (n=40), production of graphite electrodes and special carbon products (92), or production of refractory materials (123), respectively. For each worker external PAH exposure was determined by personal air sampling of 16 PAH, including Phe, pyrene (Pyr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). For determination of internal PAH exposure the excretion of the PAH metabolites 1-, 2 + 9-, 3-, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene was measured in post-shift urine samples of all workers. RESULTS: In the total study population median total PAH exposure and exposure to BaP were 30.62 and 0.27 microg/m(3), respectively. A calculation of PAH profiles resulted in substantial branch-related variations with Phe being a major component. Considering all branches the median excretions of 1-hydroxypyrene and hydroxyphenanthrenes (sum) were 6.68 and 11.22 microg/g creatinine. A correlation analysis yielded a good correlation between total ambient PAH exposure and excretion of hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine (r=0.662; P<0.01), but no significant correlation between Phe metabolites and the carcinogenic BaP. For 1-hydroxypyrene and BaP a weak but significant association was found (r=0.235; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results of the correlation analysis hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine should reflect an uptake of lowly condensed volatile PAH rather than an incorporation of highly condensed PAH like BaP which should be reflected better by 1-hydroxypyrene. Therefore, the determination of hydroxyphenanthrenes in addition to the well-established marker 1-hydroxypyrene could offer some further information about the exposure situation at a particular work place.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure of workers coming from three different industrial branches by several parameters of external and internal exposure. By analysing the relationships between those markers the suitability of individual parameters [e.g. monohydroxylated phenanthrene (Phe) metabolites] for exposure surveillance should be evaluated. METHODS: The total study population consisted of 255 male workers (age: 19-62, mean: 39.61 years), who were employed in coke production (n=40), production of graphite electrodes and special carbon products (92), or production of refractory materials (123), respectively. For each worker external PAH exposure was determined by personal air sampling of 16 PAH, including Phe, pyrene (Pyr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). For determination of internal PAH exposure the excretion of the PAH metabolites 1-, 2 + 9-, 3-, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene was measured in post-shift urine samples of all workers. RESULTS: In the total study population median total PAH exposure and exposure to BaP were 30.62 and 0.27 microg/m(3), respectively. A calculation of PAH profiles resulted in substantial branch-related variations with Phe being a major component. Considering all branches the median excretions of 1-hydroxypyrene and hydroxyphenanthrenes (sum) were 6.68 and 11.22 microg/g creatinine. A correlation analysis yielded a good correlation between total ambient PAH exposure and excretion of hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine (r=0.662; P<0.01), but no significant correlation between Phe metabolites and the carcinogenic BaP. For 1-hydroxypyrene and BaP a weak but significant association was found (r=0.235; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results of the correlation analysis hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine should reflect an uptake of lowly condensed volatile PAH rather than an incorporation of highly condensed PAH like BaP which should be reflected better by 1-hydroxypyrene. Therefore, the determination of hydroxyphenanthrenes in addition to the well-established marker 1-hydroxypyrene could offer some further information about the exposure situation at a particular work place.
Authors: W Popp; C Vahrenholz; C Schell; G Grimmer; G Dettbarn; R Kraus; A Brauksiepe; B Schmeling; T Gutzeit; J von Bülow; K Norpoth Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 1997-03 Impact factor: 4.402
Authors: F J van Schooten; F J Jongeneelen; M J Hillebrand; F E van Leeuwen; A J de Looff; A P Dijkmans; J G van Rooij; L den Engelse; E Kriek Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 1995 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Noel J Aquilina; Juana Mari Delgado-Saborit; Claire Meddings; Stephen Baker; Roy M Harrison; Peyton Jacob; Margaret Wilson; Lisa Yu; Minjiang Duan; Neal L Benowitz Journal: Environ Int Date: 2010-06-29 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: A Castellanos; P Benigni; D R Hernandez; J D DeBord; M E Ridgeway; M A Park; F Fernandez-Lima Journal: Anal Methods Date: 2014-12-07 Impact factor: 2.896
Authors: Parinaz Poursafa; Mohammad Mehdi Amin; Yaghoub Hajizadeh; Marjan Mansourian; Hamidreza Pourzamani; Karim Ebrahim; Babak Sadeghian; Roya Kelishadi Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Date: 2017-06-06 Impact factor: 4.223
Authors: Oleksii Motorykin; Jill Schrlau; Yuling Jia; Barbara Harper; Stuart Harris; Anna Harding; David Stone; Molly Kile; Daniel Sudakin; Staci L Massey Simonich Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2014-10-30 Impact factor: 7.963