Stem cells as a treatment for chronic liver disease and diabetes.

Advances in stem cell biology and the discovery of pluripotent stem cells have made the prospect of cell therapy and tissue regeneration a clinical reality. Cell therapies hold great promise to repair, restore, replace or regenerate affected organs and may perform better than any pharmacological or mechanical device. There is an accumulating body of evidence supporting the contribution of adult stem cells, in particular those of bone marrow origin, to liver and pancreatic islet cell regeneration. In this review, we will focus on the cell therapy for the diseased liver and pancreas by adult haematopoietic stem cells, as well as their possible contribution and application to tissue regeneration. Furthermore, recent progress in the generation, culture and targeted differentiation of human haematopoietic stem cells to hepatic and pancreatic lineages will be discussed. We will also explore the possibility that stem cell technology may lead to the development of clinical modalities for human liver disease and diabetes.