F Hoffmann1, M Pfannkuche, G Glaeske. 1. ZeS, AG Arzneimittelanwendungsforschung, Universität Bremen, 28203, Bremen. hoffmann@zes.uni-bremen.de
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Case reports indicate dose increase, abuse, and dependence concerning zolpidem and zopiclone (so-called Z-drugs). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study between 1 July and 31 December 2004 using claims data of the German health insurer Gmuender ErsatzKasse to examine high usage of these drugs. RESULTS: A total of 6959 subjects bought at least one packet of zolpidem or zopiclone, including 20.9% containing 90 daily doses (DDD) or more. High usage, defined as at least 180 DDD, was identified in 501 subjects (7.2%). Compared to other use, high usage was associated with GP visits only for the prescription of Z-drugs (odds ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.52-2.67), neuroleptics (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 2.02-3.18), and polypharmacy (odds ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 1.84-3.15). CONCLUSION: Zolpidem and zopiclone are often prescribed in higher doses or for long-term use. Such therapy regimens should be viewed critically.
BACKGROUND: Case reports indicate dose increase, abuse, and dependence concerning zolpidem and zopiclone (so-called Z-drugs). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study between 1 July and 31 December 2004 using claims data of the German health insurer Gmuender ErsatzKasse to examine high usage of these drugs. RESULTS: A total of 6959 subjects bought at least one packet of zolpidem or zopiclone, including 20.9% containing 90 daily doses (DDD) or more. High usage, defined as at least 180 DDD, was identified in 501 subjects (7.2%). Compared to other use, high usage was associated with GP visits only for the prescription of Z-drugs (odds ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.52-2.67), neuroleptics (odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 2.02-3.18), and polypharmacy (odds ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 1.84-3.15). CONCLUSION:Zolpidem and zopiclone are often prescribed in higher doses or for long-term use. Such therapy regimens should be viewed critically.
Authors: Víviam Vargas Barros; Emérita Sátiro Opaleye; Marcelo Demarzo; Sarah Bowen; Daniela Fernández Curado; Helena Hachul; Ana Regina Noto Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-03-16 Impact factor: 3.240