OBJECTIVE: To clarify the influence of nutritional route on hepatic immunity in a murine model. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Parenteral nutrition is disadvantageous for preventing infectious complications in critically ill and/or severely injured patients as compared with enteral nutrition. To date, lack of enteral nutrition has been demonstrated to impair mucosal immunity, gut barrier function, and the peritoneal defense system. However, influences of nutritional route on hepatic immunity, another important defense system against infection, have not been well studied. METHODS: Male ICR mice were randomized to 3 groups: ad libitum chow (chow), intravenous (IV)-TPN and intragastric (IG)-TPN groups. The TPN groups were given isocaloric and isonitrogenous TPN solutions. After the mice had been fed for 5 days, hepatic mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated. Hepatic MNC numbers and functions (cytokine production, intracellular signaling, and LPS receptor expression) were determined. Moreover, 1.0 x 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were delivered by intraportal injection. Survival and histology were examined. RESULTS: Hepatic MNC numbers were significantly lower in the IV-TPN group than in the chow and IG-TPN groups, without subpopulation changes. As compared with enterally fed mice, cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10) by hepatic MNCs in response to LPS was impaired in parenterally fed mice in association with blunted phosphorylation of ERK1/2, a MAPK. Hepatic MNCs from IV-TPN mice showed decreased expressions of CD14 and TLR4/MD2, as compared with enterally fed mice. Survival times were reduced in the IV-TPN group as compared with the chow and IG-TPN groups. CONCLUSION: Preservation of hepatic immunity with enteral feeding is important for prevention of infectious complications in severely injured and/or critically ill patients.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the influence of nutritional route on hepatic immunity in a murine model. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Parenteral nutrition is disadvantageous for preventing infectious complications in critically ill and/or severely injured patients as compared with enteral nutrition. To date, lack of enteral nutrition has been demonstrated to impair mucosal immunity, gut barrier function, and the peritoneal defense system. However, influences of nutritional route on hepatic immunity, another important defense system against infection, have not been well studied. METHODS: Male ICR mice were randomized to 3 groups: ad libitum chow (chow), intravenous (IV)-TPN and intragastric (IG)-TPN groups. The TPN groups were given isocaloric and isonitrogenous TPN solutions. After the mice had been fed for 5 days, hepatic mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated. Hepatic MNC numbers and functions (cytokine production, intracellular signaling, and LPS receptor expression) were determined. Moreover, 1.0 x 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were delivered by intraportal injection. Survival and histology were examined. RESULTS: Hepatic MNC numbers were significantly lower in the IV-TPN group than in the chow and IG-TPN groups, without subpopulation changes. As compared with enterally fed mice, cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10) by hepatic MNCs in response to LPS was impaired in parenterally fed mice in association with blunted phosphorylation of ERK1/2, a MAPK. Hepatic MNCs from IV-TPN mice showed decreased expressions of CD14 and TLR4/MD2, as compared with enterally fed mice. Survival times were reduced in the IV-TPN group as compared with the chow and IG-TPN groups. CONCLUSION: Preservation of hepatic immunity with enteral feeding is important for prevention of infectious complications in severely injured and/or critically ill patients.