The IL-10 (-627 A/C) promoter polymorphism may be associated with coronary aneurysms and low serum albumin in Korean children with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitic syndrome of unknown etiology that preferentially affects the coronary artery. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key proinflammatory cytokine, and a polymorphism near the major transcriptional start site of the IL-10 gene was shown to influence IL-10 production in vitro. This study investigated the association of the IL-10 promoter polymorphism with KD and its clinical parameters in Korean children. A total of 194 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and 95 children with KD were included in this study. IL-10 (-627 A/C) polymorphism genotypes were determined using the single-base extension method. There was no difference in the allele frequencies of IL-10 (-627 A/C) polymorphism between CHD children and KD children. KD children with one or two copies of the IL-10 (-627C) allele showed significantly lower albumin levels (p = 0.020) and higher frequencies of early coronary artery aneurysm [62.22% versus 37.78%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50-8.16] compared with KD children with the common IL-10 (-627A) allele. These findings suggest that the IL-10 (-627 A/C) promoter polymorphism might be a genetic marker for the risk of early coronary artery complication in KD.