A national survey of in-patient diabetes services in the United Kingdom.

AIM: To examine in-patient diabetes services in all UK acute hospitals.
METHODS: We asked the diabetes specialist team in all UK acute hospitals to complete a structured questionnaire on in-patient diabetes management guidelines, in-patient referral patterns, diabetes in-patient specialist nurse (DISN) services and diabetes bed occupancy in their hospital.
RESULTS: Of the 262 UK acute hospitals, 239 (91.2%) provided data (2005-2006). UK teams reported high levels of clinical risk associated with in-patient diabetes care. One-third did not have diabetes management guidelines for day surgery, endoscopy, barium studies or immediate management of the diabetic foot. Patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis were not immediately referred to the specialist team in one-third of hospitals. About half had no routine access to podiatry or dietetic care for in-patients with diabetes. The majority of UK hospitals either never adopted Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI)-1 protocols or had recently changed practice, and half do not endorse the use of in-patient subcutaneous insulin 'sliding-scales'. One in five UK hospitals survey in-patient diabetes treatment satisfaction. DISN numbers have increased rapidly-126 hospitals (51.4%) had a DISN, most (69.1%) appointed since 2002. Most (80.2%) hospitals without a DISN used the out-patient specialist nurse team to provide in-patient care.
CONCLUSIONS: This survey has identified substantial gaps in in-patient diabetes care in the UK. The rapid increase in DISN numbers indicates increasing attention to in-patient diabetes care in UK hospitals.