BACKGROUND: Sepsis often results in severe pulmonary dysfunction. Via the thoracic duct, the lung is the first organ exposed to gut-derived inflammatory mediators released into mesenteric lymph during sepsis. AIM: To investigate whether an enteral immunonutrition during sepsis improves pulmonary function. METHODS: Mesenteric lymph was obtained from lymph fistula donor rats after intra peritoneal (i.p.) saline (control lymph) or lipopolysaccharide (sepsis lymph) injection. Sepsis lymph was also collected during enteral immunonutrition with omega-3 enriched, long-chain fatty acids (SMOF lipid). Control, sepsis, or sepsis-SMOF lymph was reinfused into the jugular vein of separate recipient rats. The lungs were then harvested, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and analyzed for: (1) perpendicular parenchyma thickness of the alveolar wall; (2) myeloperoxidase-positive cells; and (3) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. RESULTS: Enteral immunonutrition during sepsis reduced the release of TNFalpha into mesenteric lymph by about 4.5-fold within the first 2 h. Infusion of sepsis lymph into recipient rats induced thickening of alveolar walls, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. Infusion of sepsis lymph obtained during enteral immunonutrition did not cause anatomical changes, induced only a mild inflammatory reaction, and prevented apoptosis in the lungs of recipient rats. CONCLUSIONS: Mediators in sepsis lymph induce pulmonary dysfunction such as an increased distance for oxygen transport, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. The lung may be protected by an enteral immunonutrition containing long-chain fatty acids.
BACKGROUND: Sepsis often results in severe pulmonary dysfunction. Via the thoracic duct, the lung is the first organ exposed to gut-derived inflammatory mediators released into mesenteric lymph during sepsis. AIM: To investigate whether an enteral immunonutrition during sepsis improves pulmonary function. METHODS: Mesenteric lymph was obtained from lymph fistula donor rats after intra peritoneal (i.p.) saline (control lymph) or lipopolysaccharide (sepsis lymph) injection. Sepsis lymph was also collected during enteral immunonutrition with omega-3 enriched, long-chain fatty acids (SMOF lipid). Control, sepsis, or sepsis-SMOF lymph was reinfused into the jugular vein of separate recipient rats. The lungs were then harvested, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and analyzed for: (1) perpendicular parenchyma thickness of the alveolar wall; (2) myeloperoxidase-positive cells; and (3) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. RESULTS: Enteral immunonutrition during sepsis reduced the release of TNFalpha into mesenteric lymph by about 4.5-fold within the first 2 h. Infusion of sepsis lymph into recipient rats induced thickening of alveolar walls, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. Infusion of sepsis lymph obtained during enteral immunonutrition did not cause anatomical changes, induced only a mild inflammatory reaction, and prevented apoptosis in the lungs of recipient rats. CONCLUSIONS: Mediators in sepsis lymph induce pulmonary dysfunction such as an increased distance for oxygen transport, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. The lung may be protected by an enteral immunonutrition containing long-chain fatty acids.
Authors: Charles A Adams; Carl J Hauser; John M Adams; Zoltan Fekete; Da-Zhong Xu; Justin T Sambol; Edwin A Deitch Journal: Shock Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 3.454
Authors: L V Borovikova; S Ivanova; M Zhang; H Yang; G I Botchkina; L R Watkins; H Wang; N Abumrad; J W Eaton; K J Tracey Journal: Nature Date: 2000-05-25 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: J E Gadek; S J DeMichele; M D Karlstad; E R Pacht; M Donahoe; T E Albertson; C Van Hoozen; A K Wennberg; J L Nelson; M Noursalehi Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 1999-08 Impact factor: 7.598
Authors: Konstantin Mayer; Stephanie Gokorsch; Christine Fegbeutel; Katja Hattar; Simone Rosseau; Dieter Walmrath; Werner Seeger; Friedrich Grimminger Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2003-02-25 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Jill C Rudkowski; Esther Barreiro; Rania Harfouche; Peter Goldberg; Osama Kishta; Pedro D'Orleans-Juste; Julie Labonte; Olivier Lesur; Sabah N A Hussain Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Date: 2003-12-05 Impact factor: 5.464
Authors: Axel R Heller; Susann Rössler; Rainer J Litz; Sebastian N Stehr; Susanne C Heller; Rainer Koch; Thea Koch Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 2006-04 Impact factor: 7.598
Authors: Friederike Eisner; Petra Jacob; Julia-Stefanie Frick; Maximilian Feilitzsch; Julia Geisel; Mario H Mueller; Markus A Küper; Helen E Raybould; Ingmar Königsrainer; Jörg Glatzle Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2011-03-08 Impact factor: 3.452