OBJECTIVE: To develop a test for GH abuse in sport. DESIGN: A double blind placebo controlled study of one month's GH administration to 102 healthy non-competing but trained subjects. Blood levels of nine markers of GH action were measured throughout the study and for 56 days after cessation of GH administration. Blood samples were also taken from 813 elite athletes both in and out of competition. RESULTS: GH caused a significant change in the nine measured blood markers. Men were more sensitive to the effects of GH than women. IGF-I and N-terminal extension peptide of procollagen type III were selected to construct formulae which gave optimal discrimination between the GH and placebo groups. Adjustments were made to account for the fall in IGF-I and P-III-P with age and the altered distribution seen in elite athletes. Using a cut-off specificity of 1:10,000 these formulae would allow the detection of up to 86% of men and 60% of women abusing GH at the doses used in this study. CONCLUSIONS: We report a methodology that will allow the detection of GH abuse. This will provide the basis of a robust and enforceable test identifying those who are already cheating and provide a deterrent to those who may be tempted to do so.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To develop a test for GH abuse in sport. DESIGN: A double blind placebo controlled study of one month's GH administration to 102 healthy non-competing but trained subjects. Blood levels of nine markers of GH action were measured throughout the study and for 56 days after cessation of GH administration. Blood samples were also taken from 813 elite athletes both in and out of competition. RESULTS: GH caused a significant change in the nine measured blood markers. Men were more sensitive to the effects of GH than women. IGF-I and N-terminal extension peptide of procollagen type III were selected to construct formulae which gave optimal discrimination between the GH and placebo groups. Adjustments were made to account for the fall in IGF-I and P-III-P with age and the altered distribution seen in elite athletes. Using a cut-off specificity of 1:10,000 these formulae would allow the detection of up to 86% of men and 60% of women abusing GH at the doses used in this study. CONCLUSIONS: We report a methodology that will allow the detection of GH abuse. This will provide the basis of a robust and enforceable test identifying those who are already cheating and provide a deterrent to those who may be tempted to do so.
Authors: Shalender Bhasin; E Jiaxiu He; Miwa Kawakubo; E Todd Schroeder; Kevin Yarasheski; Gregory J Opiteck; Alise Reicin; Fabian Chen; Raymond Lam; Jeffrey A Tsou; Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa; Ellen F Binder; Stanley P Azen; Fred R Sattler Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2009-10-16 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Simon Doessing; Katja M Heinemeier; Lars Holm; Abigail L Mackey; Peter Schjerling; Michael Rennie; Kenneth Smith; Søren Reitelseder; Anne-Marie Kappelgaard; Michael Højby Rasmussen; Allan Flyvbjerg; Michael Kjaer Journal: J Physiol Date: 2009-11-23 Impact factor: 5.182
Authors: Luca Narduzzi; Corinne Buisson; Marie-Line Morvan; Alexandre Marchand; Michel Audran; Yves Le Bouc; Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie; Magnus Ericsson; Bruno Le Bizec; Gaud Dervilly Journal: Front Mol Biosci Date: 2021-06-10
Authors: Susann K J Ludwig; Nathalie G E Smits; Grishja van der Veer; Maria G E G Bremer; Michel W F Nielen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-12-27 Impact factor: 3.240