Technique and results of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in early rectal cancer.

The anatomy of the pelvis makes it difficult to perform local excisions in the rectum when the tumor is some distance from the anal verge. We have, therefore, developed a new minimally invasive technique for tumor resection. A rectoscope with a 40-mm diameter permits tumor resection under stereoscopic control in the gas-dilated rectal cavity. Excisions in full-thickness technique up to segmental resections with end-to-end anastomosis can be performed. In selected cases, local excision of a small rectal cancer can be regarded as appropriate treatment. However, most local resections of carcinomas are performed when removal of an adenoma is planned, and the postoperative histology shows a carcinoma. Since 1983, we have operated on 326 patients, 274 who have been enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Definitive histologic examination proved that 74 of these tumors were carcinomas. The rate of severe complications in patients with carcinomas was 9%, and the mortality rate was 0%. The advantages of this new technique are: The stereoscopic magnified view in the gas-dilated rectum allows precise surgery in an operative field that is otherwise difficult to reach. During the postoperative period, minimal discomfort and pain result in a short hospitalization.