Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XXVII. Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides and antiallergic constituents from Citrullus colocynthis.

The methanolic extract from the fruit of Citrullus colocynthis showed an inhibitory effect on ear passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions as a type I allergic model in mice. From the methanolic extract, two new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, colocynthosides A and B, were isolated together with 17 known constituents. The structures of colocynthosides A and B were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, the principal cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside, cucurbitacin E 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and its aglycon, cucurbitacin E, exhibited the antiallergic activity at a dose of 100 and 1.25 mg/kg, p.o., respectively.