Nrf2 Neh5 domain is differentially utilized in the transactivation of cytoprotective genes.

The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) contains two transcription activation domains, Neh4 (Nrf2 ECH homology 4) and Neh5, which co-ordinately regulate transactivation of cytoprotective genes. In the present study we aimed to clarify the role of the Neh5 domain in Nrf2-mediated gene regulation. Deletion of the complete Neh5 domain reduces expression of endogenous Nrf2 target genes, such as HO-1 (haem oxygenase 1), NQO1 [NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1] and GCLM (glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory subunit), in human kidney epithelial cells. Furthermore, the deletion of Neh5 markedly repressed CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein] and BRG1 (Brahma-related gene 1) from associating with Nrf2, diminishing their co-operative enhancement of HO-1 promoter activity. Mutational analysis of the Neh5 domain revealed a motif that shares significant homology with beta-actin and ARP1 (actin-related protein 1). Mutagenesis of this motif selectively decreased HO-1, but not NQO1 and GCLM, expression. Taken together, these results indicate that the Neh5 domain has the ability to regulate Nrf2 target gene transcription, yet the role of the Neh5 domain in transcription varies from gene to gene.