BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of smoking on the gene expression of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6, -8 and -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -8, receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, in sites with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were divided into three groups: the healthy group (periodontally healthy subjects; n=10); the periodontitis group [subjects with severe chronic periodontitis who never smoked (probing depth>or=7 mm) (n=25)]; and the smoking group (subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis who smoked>or=1 pack per day for at least 10 years; n=25). Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated that, except for MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, the levels of all factors were increased by inflammation (p<0.001). The levels of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6 and -8, and RANKL, were higher in smokers with periodontitis compared with controls, whereas the levels of interleukin-10, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin were lower (p<0.001). Smoking lowered the levels of interleukin-1alpha, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, and increased the levels of interleukin-6 and -1ra in sites with a comparable type of periodontitis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, smoking modulates gene expression in the periodontium, and the influence of smoking on periodontal disease may involve effects of interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of smoking on the gene expression of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6, -8 and -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -8, receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, in sites with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were divided into three groups: the healthy group (periodontally healthy subjects; n=10); the periodontitis group [subjects with severe chronic periodontitis who never smoked (probing depth>or=7 mm) (n=25)]; and the smoking group (subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis who smoked>or=1 pack per day for at least 10 years; n=25). Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: Data analysis demonstrated that, except for MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, the levels of all factors were increased by inflammation (p<0.001). The levels of interleukin-1alpha, -1ra, -6 and -8, and RANKL, were higher in smokers with periodontitis compared with controls, whereas the levels of interleukin-10, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin were lower (p<0.001). Smoking lowered the levels of interleukin-1alpha, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, and increased the levels of interleukin-6 and -1ra in sites with a comparable type of periodontitis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, smoking modulates gene expression in the periodontium, and the influence of smoking on periodontal disease may involve effects of interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios.
Authors: Nina Holzer; Karl F Braun; Sabrina Ehnert; José T Egaña; Thilo L Schenck; Arne Buchholz; Lilianna Schyschka; Markus Neumaier; Steffen Benzing; Ulrich Stöckle; Thomas Freude; Andreas K Nussler Journal: Langenbecks Arch Surg Date: 2011-12-08 Impact factor: 3.445
Authors: R B Gonçalves; R D Coletta; K G Silvério; L Benevides; M Z Casati; J S da Silva; F H Nociti Journal: Inflamm Res Date: 2011-02-05 Impact factor: 4.575
Authors: Keelen D Tymkiw; Daniel H Thunell; Georgia K Johnson; Sophie Joly; Kindra K Burnell; Joseph E Cavanaugh; Kim A Brogden; Janet M Guthmiller Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2010-12-29 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: Sonia A Duffy; Theodoros Teknos; Jeremy M G Taylor; Karen E Fowler; Mozaffarul Islam; Gregory T Wolf; Scott McLean; Tamer A Ghanem; Jeffrey E Terrell Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2013-01-08 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Tatiana Meulman; Renato C V Casarin; Daiane C Peruzzo; Ana Paula Giorgetti; André Barbagallo; Márcio Z Casati; Enilson A Sallum; Reginaldo B Gonçalves; Francisco H Nociti Journal: J Oral Microbiol Date: 2012-01-05 Impact factor: 5.474
Authors: Karl F Braun; Sabrina Ehnert; Thomas Freude; José T Egaña; Thilo L Schenck; Arne Buchholz; Andreas Schmitt; Sebastian Siebenlist; Lilianna Schyschka; Markus Neumaier; Ulrich Stöckle; Andreas K Nussler Journal: ScientificWorldJournal Date: 2011-11-30