BACKGROUND: Allergen-induced effector cell degranulation is a key event in allergic inflammation and leads to early-phase symptoms, such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, or bronchial asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study molecular determinants of effector cell degranulation using a monoclonal IgE antibody specific for a peptide epitope of one of the most important respiratory allergens, the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 1, as a model system. METHODS: A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal IgE antibody against a Phl p 1-derived peptide, P1, was established by means of immunization of mice and used to sensitize rat basophil leukemia cells, which were exposed to P1 monomer, P1 dimer, and P1 polymer. RESULTS: It is demonstrated that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule and the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies determine the extent of degranulation. The P1 monomer did not cause mediator release and prevented degranulation induced by polymeric P1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule determines its allergenic activity and explains why increases of allergen-specific IgE levels make patients more sensitive to allergens. Allergen-derived monomeric structures isolated by means of combinatorial chemistry might be used to develop new therapeutic strategies for allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study reveals molecular factors that determine the immediate allergenic activity of allergens and hence influence clinical sensitivity to these allergens.
BACKGROUND: Allergen-induced effector cell degranulation is a key event in allergic inflammation and leads to early-phase symptoms, such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, or bronchial asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study molecular determinants of effector cell degranulation using a monoclonal IgE antibody specific for a peptide epitope of one of the most important respiratory allergens, the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 1, as a model system. METHODS: A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal IgE antibody against a Phl p 1-derived peptide, P1, was established by means of immunization of mice and used to sensitize rat basophil leukemia cells, which were exposed to P1 monomer, P1 dimer, and P1 polymer. RESULTS: It is demonstrated that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule and the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies determine the extent of degranulation. The P1 monomer did not cause mediator release and prevented degranulation induced by polymeric P1. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the number of IgE epitopes on an allergen molecule determines its allergenic activity and explains why increases of allergen-specific IgE levels make patients more sensitive to allergens. Allergen-derived monomeric structures isolated by means of combinatorial chemistry might be used to develop new therapeutic strategies for allergy. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study reveals molecular factors that determine the immediate allergenic activity of allergens and hence influence clinical sensitivity to these allergens.
Authors: Véronique Schulten; Jason A Greenbaum; Michael Hauser; Denise M McKinney; John Sidney; Ravi Kolla; Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn; Carla Oseroff; Rapheul Alam; David H Broide; Fatima Ferreira; Fatima Ferreira-Briza; Howard M Grey; Alessandro Sette; Bjoern Peters Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2013-02-11 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Christoph Madritsch; Elisabeth Gadermaier; Uwe W Roder; Christian Lupinek; Rudolf Valenta; Sabine Flicker Journal: J Immunol Date: 2015-01-30 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Cornelia Egger; Christian Lupinek; Robin Ristl; Patrick Lemell; Friedrich Horak; Petra Zieglmayer; Susanne Spitzauer; Rudolf Valenta; Verena Niederberger Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-02-23 Impact factor: 3.240