A survey of neuropsychologists' beliefs and practices with respect to the assessment of effort.

The current study investigated neuropsychologists' beliefs and practices with respect to assessing effort and malingering by surveying a sample of NAN professional members and fellows (n=712). The results from 188 (26.4%) returned surveys indicated that 57% of respondents frequently included measures of effort when conducting a neuropsychological evaluation. While a majority of respondents (52%) rarely or never provide a warning that effort indicators will be administered, 27% of respondents often or always provide such a warning. The five most frequently used measures of effort or response bias were the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), MMPI-2 F-K ratio, MMPI-2 FBS, Rey 15-item test, and the California Verbal Learning Test. However, the TOMM, Validity Indicator Profile, Word Memory Test, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, and the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias were rated as most accurate for detecting suboptimal effort. These results and other findings are presented and discussed.