Preterm birth: a continuing challenge.

Although preterm birth has been a major focus of study for the past two decades by health care providers in several disciplines, it remains more prevalent in the United States than in many developed countries and continues to be a prime reason for infant death (mortality) and illness (morbidity). In the past 10 years, preterm rates have risen in the United States from 10.6% in 1990 to 11.6% in 2000. Low birthweight rates have increased from 7.0% in 1990 to 7.6% in 2000. This column reviews recent studies addressing preterm and low birthweight births, including changing demographics, the role of assisted reproductive technology, smoking, domestic violence, the experience of women, and treatment strategies.