Testicular sperm extraction in cancerous testicle in patients with azoospermia: a case report.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in a cancerous testicle during orchiectomy for testicular neoplasm. This is a retrospective study and includes case histories of four azoospermic patients with incidental testicular cancer. None of the patients had fathered children prior to surgery and all patients were strongly motivated by the desire to have offspring. Patients underwent surgical exploration via inguinotomy and spermatic cord clamping. After nodule excision, micro-TESE was performed from the same albugineal incision, under microscopic guidance. Frozen section examination was not performed in the case of large nodules (>3 cm in diameter). Two patients showed classic seminoma and underwent orchiectomy. In two patients, a Leydig cell tumour was found (one patient underwent orchiectomy for large nodule size). Micro-TESE was performed in four patients. Spermatozoa were found in three patients and the retrieved sperm was cryopreserved. One ICSI cycle was performed, but pregnancy failed. In azoospermic patients with testicular nodules, TESE in the cancerous testis is feasible and may avoid further surgery, without any oncological risk.