Substrate specificity of a mouse aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C12).

AKR1C12, a mouse member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, is highly expressed in the stomach and is identical to a protein encoded in an interleukin-3-regulated gene in mouse myeloid cells, but its function remains unknown. In this study, the recombinant AKR1C12 was purified to homogeneity and the specificity for coenzymes and substrates was examined at a physiological pH of 7.4. The enzyme reduced various alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, several ketosteroids, aldehydes and some ketones using NADH as the preferred coenzyme. In the reverse reaction, the enzyme showed coenzyme preference for NAD+, and oxidized 3alpha-, 17beta- and 20alpha-hydroxysteroids, and non-steroidal aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols, of which many hydroxysteroids and geranylgeraniol were good substrates, exhibiting low Km and high kcat/Km values. The results, together with the intracellular high ratio of NAD+/NADH, suggest that AKR1C12 functions as a dehydrogenase for the endogenous hydroxysteroids and geranylgeraniol in mouse stomach and myeloid cells.