Biochemical evidence for two different mechanisms for bleomycin-induced cell killing.

Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we have measured the ability of two bleomycin-sensitive mutants, XR-1 and BL-10, to repair DNA double-strands breaks (DSB). XR-1 was originally isolated by its hypersensitivity to killing with ionizing radiation, but we have also shown that it is sensitive to killing with bleomycin. In contrast, BL-10 was isolated by its extreme sensitivity to killing with bleomycin, and it is not cross-sensitive to other DNA breaking agents. A 1-h treatment of bleomycin induces a similar number of DNA double-strand breaks in XR-1, BL-10 and CHO cells. However, XR-1 is unable to repair bleomycin-induced DNA double-strand breaks, whereas BL-10 possesses the same kinetics of repair as parental CHO. These data lead us to conclude that at least two mechanisms of killing exist for bleomycin; one of them is DNA DSB-dependent, and the other seems to be DNA DSB-independent.