BACKGROUND: The worldwide increase in overweight and obesity probably involves dietary factors, and early indicators of risk must be identified. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze metabolic markers in relation to dietary intake and anthropometry in healthy 4-y-old children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of nutritional intake was performed in 95 children by use of 7-d food records. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and lipids. RESULTS: The study population was representative of Swedish children except that more parents than the average had a university education. The boys' mean energy intake was higher (6.6 +/- 0.75 MJ) than the girls' (5.7 +/- 0.79 MJ). Significant associations were found between the percentage of energy from carbohydrates and that from fat (r = -0.91) and sucrose (r = 0.59). High body mass index was associated with a low percentage of energy from fat (r = -0.32). Serum triacylglycerol, insulin, and the HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) index were higher in girls than in boys. In girls, HOMA beta-cell function was significantly negatively associated with fat intake and serum fasting insulin, and HOMA insulin resistance indexes were significantly associated with the increment in z scores for height and weight from birth to age 4 y. Compared with children with fasting insulin concentrations below the group mean + SD, the children with concentrations above that value were smaller as newborns and had larger increments in growth z scores from birth to age 4 y. CONCLUSION: In healthy Swedish 4-y-olds from well-educated families, low fat intake was related to high body mass index. Upward weight and height percentile crossings were related to insulin resistance, especially in girls.
BACKGROUND: The worldwide increase in overweight and obesity probably involves dietary factors, and early indicators of risk must be identified. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze metabolic markers in relation to dietary intake and anthropometry in healthy 4-y-old children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of nutritional intake was performed in 95 children by use of 7-d food records. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and lipids. RESULTS: The study population was representative of Swedish children except that more parents than the average had a university education. The boys' mean energy intake was higher (6.6 +/- 0.75 MJ) than the girls' (5.7 +/- 0.79 MJ). Significant associations were found between the percentage of energy from carbohydrates and that from fat (r = -0.91) and sucrose (r = 0.59). High body mass index was associated with a low percentage of energy from fat (r = -0.32). Serum triacylglycerol, insulin, and the HOMA (homeostatic model assessment) index were higher in girls than in boys. In girls, HOMA beta-cell function was significantly negatively associated with fat intake and serum fasting insulin, and HOMA insulin resistance indexes were significantly associated with the increment in z scores for height and weight from birth to age 4 y. Compared with children with fasting insulin concentrations below the group mean + SD, the children with concentrations above that value were smaller as newborns and had larger increments in growth z scores from birth to age 4 y. CONCLUSION: In healthy Swedish 4-y-olds from well-educated families, low fat intake was related to high body mass index. Upward weight and height percentile crossings were related to insulin resistance, especially in girls.
Authors: A Stephen; M Alles; C de Graaf; M Fleith; E Hadjilucas; E Isaacs; C Maffeis; G Zeinstra; C Matthys; A Gil Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2012-04-04 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Esther M F van Sluijs; Paula M L Skidmore; Kim Mwanza; Andrew P Jones; Alison M Callaghan; Ulf Ekelund; Flo Harrison; Ian Harvey; Jenna Panter; Nicolas J Wareham; Aedin Cassidy; Simon J Griffin Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2008-11-14 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Susana Santos; Romy Gaillard; Andreia Oliveira; Henrique Barros; Albert Hofman; Oscar H Franco; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2016-01-06 Impact factor: 5.002