Susana Santos1,2, Romy Gaillard2,3,4, Andreia Oliveira1,5, Henrique Barros1,5, Albert Hofman4, Oscar H Franco4, Vincent W V Jaddoe2,3,4. 1. EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 2. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school-age. METHODS: In a population-based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5 and 24 months were estimated. At 6 years, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured. RESULTS: Infant subcutaneous fat measures were not associated with childhood blood pressure, triglycerides, or insulin levels. A 1-standard-deviation score (SDS) higher total subcutaneous fat at 1.5 months was, independently of body mass index, associated with lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at 6 years. In contrast, a 1-SDS higher total subcutaneous fat at 24 months was associated with higher total-cholesterol [difference 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.23) SDS] and LDL-cholesterol levels [difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02, 0.21) SDS] at 6 years. There were no associations of central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio with childhood cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infant total subcutaneous fat is weakly associated with cholesterol levels at school-age. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of infant body fat.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school-age. METHODS: In a population-based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous fat) at 1.5 and 24 months were estimated. At 6 years, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured. RESULTS: Infant subcutaneous fat measures were not associated with childhood blood pressure, triglycerides, or insulin levels. A 1-standard-deviation score (SDS) higher total subcutaneous fat at 1.5 months was, independently of body mass index, associated with lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels at 6 years. In contrast, a 1-SDS higher total subcutaneous fat at 24 months was associated with higher total-cholesterol [difference 0.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.23) SDS] and LDL-cholesterol levels [difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02, 0.21) SDS] at 6 years. There were no associations of central-to-total subcutaneous fat ratio with childhood cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infant total subcutaneous fat is weakly associated with cholesterol levels at school-age. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of infant body fat.
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