MDMA use and neurocognition: a meta-analytic review.

RATIONALE: To determine the association between MDMA misuse and neurocognition using meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE: Separate analyses were conducted based on two sets of inclusion/exclusion criteria. A relatively stringent set required that the subjects be matched on important moderator variables, whereas the other did not. The study participants' performance in the following neurocognitive domains was reviewed: attention/concentration, verbal and nonverbal learning and memory, psychomotor speed and executive systems functioning.
RESULTS: In the 11 studies meeting the relatively stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review, MDMA use was associated with neurocognitive deficits in each domain. Similarly, in the 23 studies meeting the relatively lenient inclusion/exclusion criteria for this review, MDMA use was associated with neurocognitive deficits in each domain. Small to medium effect sizes were generally observed. A comparison of the effect sizes across the two sets of analyses did not reveal significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this review reveal that MDMA use is associated with neurocognitive deficits. The implications of these findings are discussed.