[Modern general metaphylaxis of stone disease. New risks, new evidence, new recommendations].

The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis have markedly increased over the past several decades. Inappropriate dietary habits, overweight, and lifestyle are considered to be important risk factors for stone formation. The primary goal of metaphylaxis of stone disease is to correct the individual biochemical risk profile. A reduction in the risk of stone formation and recurrence rate can already be achieved by appropriate dietary treatment. One of the most effective dietary measures is a sufficient circadian fluid intake of suitable beverages. The reduction of overweight is suggested to additionally contribute to a decrease in the risk of recurrent stone formation.