Taeko Dohi1, Kohtaro Fujihashi. 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Abrogation of mucosal T cell homeostasis by exaggerated not only T helper 1, but also T helper 2 cells is a major problem that leads to intestinal inflammation. In this regard, it is important to understand these different aspects of mucosal inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS: Both T helper 1 and 2 cells play central roles in the induction of mucosal immune responses including secretory IgA antibody production, which would be the most beneficial aspect for the host defense mechanism. T helper 1- and 2-type responses, however, exhibit other roles in the abrogation of intestinal homeostasis. Although it has been shown that T helper 1-type immune responses are key players in the induction of intestinal inflammation in mice colitis models and also in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans, studies in murine colitis models clearly show that T helper 2-type responses are also involved in the pathophysiology of the intestinal inflammation. Both regulatory type T cells and T helper 17 cells are involved to down- or upregulate aberrant T helper 1 and 2 cell responses. SUMMARY: Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of crosstalk among T helper 1, 2, 17 and T regulatory 1 cells is central for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Abrogation of mucosal T cell homeostasis by exaggerated not only T helper 1, but also T helper 2 cells is a major problem that leads to intestinal inflammation. In this regard, it is important to understand these different aspects of mucosal inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS: Both T helper 1 and 2 cells play central roles in the induction of mucosal immune responses including secretory IgA antibody production, which would be the most beneficial aspect for the host defense mechanism. T helper 1- and 2-type responses, however, exhibit other roles in the abrogation of intestinal homeostasis. Although it has been shown that T helper 1-type immune responses are key players in the induction of intestinal inflammation in micecolitis models and also in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans, studies in murinecolitis models clearly show that T helper 2-type responses are also involved in the pathophysiology of the intestinal inflammation. Both regulatory type T cells and T helper 17 cells are involved to down- or upregulate aberrant T helper 1 and 2 cell responses. SUMMARY: Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of crosstalk among T helper 1, 2, 17 and T regulatory 1 cells is central for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Authors: Kirstin Reinecke; Sevgi Eminel; Franziska Dierck; Wibke Roessner; Sabine Kersting; Ansgar Michael Chromik; Olga Gavrilova; Ale Laukevicience; Ivo Leuschner; Vicki Waetzig; Philip Rosenstiel; Thomas Herdegen; Christian Sina Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-03-13 Impact factor: 3.240