OBJECTIVE: Few studies have assessed the role of specific gastrointestinal infections in celiac disease. We investigated whether increased frequency of rotavirus infection, a common cause of gastrointestinal infection and inflammation, predicts increased risk of celiac disease autoimmunity. METHODS: A cohort of 1,931 children from the Denver metropolitan area who carried celiac disease human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk alleles were followed from infancy for development of celiac disease autoimmunity, defined as positivity at two or more subsequent clinic visits for tissue transglutaminase (tTG) autoantibodies measured using a radioimmunoassay with human recombinant tTG. Blood samples were obtained at ages 9, 15, and 24 months, and annually thereafter. Rotavirus antibodies were assayed using an indirect enzyme immunoassay in serial serum samples from each case and two matched controls. Frequency of infections were estimated by the number of increases (> 2 assay coefficient of variation) in rotavirus antibody between clinic visits. RESULTS: Fifty-four cases developed celiac disease autoimmunity at a median age of 4.4 yr. Thirty-six had an intestinal biopsy, of which 27 (75%) were positive for celiac disease. Frequent rotavirus infections predicted a higher risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (compared with zero infections, rate ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-9.56, for one infection and rate ratio 3.76, 95% CI 0.76-18.7, for > or = 2 infections, rate ratio for trend per increase in number of infections = 1.94, 95% CI 1.04-3.61, p = 0.037). The result was similar after adjustment for gender, ethnic group, maternal education, breast-feeding, day-care attendance, number of siblings, season of birth, and number of HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study provides the first indication that a high frequency of rotavirus infections may increase the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in childhood in genetically predisposed individuals.
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have assessed the role of specific gastrointestinal infections in celiac disease. We investigated whether increased frequency of rotavirus infection, a common cause of gastrointestinal infection and inflammation, predicts increased risk of celiac disease autoimmunity. METHODS: A cohort of 1,931 children from the Denver metropolitan area who carried celiac disease human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk alleles were followed from infancy for development of celiac disease autoimmunity, defined as positivity at two or more subsequent clinic visits for tissue transglutaminase (tTG) autoantibodies measured using a radioimmunoassay with human recombinant tTG. Blood samples were obtained at ages 9, 15, and 24 months, and annually thereafter. Rotavirus antibodies were assayed using an indirect enzyme immunoassay in serial serum samples from each case and two matched controls. Frequency of infections were estimated by the number of increases (> 2 assay coefficient of variation) in rotavirus antibody between clinic visits. RESULTS: Fifty-four cases developed celiac disease autoimmunity at a median age of 4.4 yr. Thirty-six had an intestinal biopsy, of which 27 (75%) were positive for celiac disease. Frequent rotavirus infections predicted a higher risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (compared with zero infections, rate ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-9.56, for one infection and rate ratio 3.76, 95% CI 0.76-18.7, for > or = 2 infections, rate ratio for trend per increase in number of infections = 1.94, 95% CI 1.04-3.61, p = 0.037). The result was similar after adjustment for gender, ethnic group, maternal education, breast-feeding, day-care attendance, number of siblings, season of birth, and number of HLA DR3-DQ2 haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study provides the first indication that a high frequency of rotavirus infections may increase the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity in childhood in genetically predisposed individuals.
Authors: Saskia L Smits; Marije van Leeuwen; Annemiek A van der Eijk; Pieter L A Fraaij; Johanna C Escher; James H Simon; Albert D M E Osterhaus Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2010-06-23 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Ruggiero Francavilla; Danilo Ercolini; Maria Piccolo; Lucia Vannini; Sonya Siragusa; Francesca De Filippis; Ilaria De Pasquale; Raffaella Di Cagno; Michele Di Toma; Giorgia Gozzi; Diana I Serrazanetti; Maria De Angelis; Marco Gobbetti Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2014-03-21 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Hafid Laayouni; Marije Oosting; Pierre Luisi; Mihai Ioana; Santos Alonso; Isis Ricaño-Ponce; Gosia Trynka; Alexandra Zhernakova; Theo S Plantinga; Shih-Chin Cheng; Jos W M van der Meer; Radu Popp; Ajit Sood; B K Thelma; Cisca Wijmenga; Leo A B Joosten; Jaume Bertranpetit; Mihai G Netea Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2014-02-03 Impact factor: 11.205