BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the association between low birth weight and insulin resistance in adulthood has its origin in utero or whether it develops later in life depending on predisposition and exogenous factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total glycosylated hemoglobin (TGH) was quantified at delivery in 1295 mother/child pairs serving as a surrogate of maternal and fetal glycemia. Multivariable regression analysis considering gestational age at delivery, the child's sex, maternal body mass index, and smoking during pregnancy revealed that an increase in TGH by 1% in the child was significantly associated with a mean birth weight reduction of 135 g (P<0.0001), whereas the same increase in the mother was associated with a mean birth weight increase of 88 g (P<0.0001). The ratio of fetal/maternal TGH suggests that lighter newborns have a higher percentage of TGH than would be expected from maternal TGH. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates for the first time in a large population that there is an inverse association between TGH of a newborn and its birth weight. This might be due to increased insulin resistance in newborns with lower birth weight. Our data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms linking prenatal growth and postnatal sensitivity to insulin are present as early as before birth.
BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the association between low birth weight and insulin resistance in adulthood has its origin in utero or whether it develops later in life depending on predisposition and exogenous factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total glycosylated hemoglobin (TGH) was quantified at delivery in 1295 mother/child pairs serving as a surrogate of maternal and fetal glycemia. Multivariable regression analysis considering gestational age at delivery, the child's sex, maternal body mass index, and smoking during pregnancy revealed that an increase in TGH by 1% in the child was significantly associated with a mean birth weight reduction of 135 g (P<0.0001), whereas the same increase in the mother was associated with a mean birth weight increase of 88 g (P<0.0001). The ratio of fetal/maternal TGH suggests that lighter newborns have a higher percentage of TGH than would be expected from maternal TGH. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates for the first time in a large population that there is an inverse association between TGH of a newborn and its birth weight. This might be due to increased insulin resistance in newborns with lower birth weight. Our data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms linking prenatal growth and postnatal sensitivity to insulin are present as early as before birth.
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Authors: P Kalk; F Guthmann; K Krause; K Relle; M Godes; G Gossing; H Halle; R Wauer; B Hocher Journal: Eur J Med Res Date: 2009-05-14 Impact factor: 2.175
Authors: Ralf J P van der Valk; Eskil Kreiner-Møller; Marjolein N Kooijman; Mònica Guxens; Evangelia Stergiakouli; Annika Sääf; Jonathan P Bradfield; Frank Geller; M Geoffrey Hayes; Diana L Cousminer; Antje Körner; Elisabeth Thiering; John A Curtin; Ronny Myhre; Ville Huikari; Raimo Joro; Marjan Kerkhof; Nicole M Warrington; Niina Pitkänen; Ioanna Ntalla; Momoko Horikoshi; Riitta Veijola; Rachel M Freathy; Yik-Ying Teo; Sheila J Barton; David M Evans; John P Kemp; Beate St Pourcain; Susan M Ring; George Davey Smith; Anna Bergström; Inger Kull; Hakon Hakonarson; Frank D Mentch; Hans Bisgaard; Bo Chawes; Jakob Stokholm; Johannes Waage; Patrick Eriksen; Astrid Sevelsted; Mads Melbye; Cornelia M van Duijn; Carolina Medina-Gomez; Albert Hofman; Johan C de Jongste; H Rob Taal; André G Uitterlinden; Loren L Armstrong; Johan Eriksson; Aarno Palotie; Mariona Bustamante; Xavier Estivill; Juan R Gonzalez; Sabrina Llop; Wieland Kiess; Anubha Mahajan; Claudia Flexeder; Carla M T Tiesler; Clare S Murray; Angela Simpson; Per Magnus; Verena Sengpiel; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi; Alexandra Lewin; Alexessander Da Silva Couto Alves; Alexandra I Blakemore; Jessica L Buxton; Marika Kaakinen; Alina Rodriguez; Sylvain Sebert; Marja Vaarasmaki; Timo Lakka; Virpi Lindi; Ulrike Gehring; Dirkje S Postma; Wei Ang; John P Newnham; Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen; Katja Pahkala; Olli T Raitakari; Kalliope Panoutsopoulou; Eleftheria Zeggini; Dorret I Boomsma; Maria Groen-Blokhuis; Jorma Ilonen; Lude Franke; Joel N Hirschhorn; Tune H Pers; Liming Liang; Jinyan Huang; Berthold Hocher; Mikael Knip; Seang-Mei Saw; John W Holloway; Erik Melén; Struan F A Grant; Bjarke Feenstra; William L Lowe; Elisabeth Widén; Elena Sergeyev; Harald Grallert; Adnan Custovic; Bo Jacobsson; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Mustafa Atalay; Gerard H Koppelman; Craig E Pennell; Harri Niinikoski; George V Dedoussis; Mark I Mccarthy; Timothy M Frayling; Jordi Sunyer; Nicholas J Timpson; Fernando Rivadeneira; Klaus Bønnelykke; Vincent W V Jaddoe Journal: Hum Mol Genet Date: 2014-10-03 Impact factor: 6.150