Excluded-volume effect of inert macromolecules on the melting of nucleic acids.

It is shown on the basis of the excluded-volume effect that inert macromolecules may be expected to suppress the dissociation of double-helical nucleic acids into single helices and thus to raise the melting point of the double helix. The rise in melting temperature of the ribonucleic acid [poly(I).poly(C)] caused by dextran polymers and by poly(ethylene oxide) is described and compared with the theoretical prediction. Good agreement was found in respect of the extent of the rise in melting point and in respect of its dependence upon polymer length. An additional dependence upon the identify of the polymer was attributed to detailed effects of shape in solution.