BACKGROUND: Relaxin is a potent peptide hormone normally secreted by the prostate. This study characterized relaxin expression during prostate cancer progression to androgen independence (AI), and in response to androgens. METHODS: The prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, was assayed by microarrays and confirmatory Northern analysis to assess changes in relaxin levels due to androgen treatment and in LNCaP xenografts following castration. Relaxin protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays of human prostate cancer samples following androgen ablation. RESULTS: Relaxin levels decreased in a time and concentration-dependent manner due to androgens in vitro, and increased in xenografts post-castration. Relaxin increased in radical prostatectomy specimens after 6 months of androgen ablation and in AI tumors, was highest in bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Relaxin is negatively regulated by androgens in vitro and in vivo, which correlates to clinical prostate cancer specimens following androgen ablation. The role of relaxin in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling suggests it may contribute to prostate cancer progression.
BACKGROUND: Relaxin is a potent peptide hormone normally secreted by the prostate. This study characterized relaxin expression during prostate cancer progression to androgen independence (AI), and in response to androgens. METHODS: The prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, was assayed by microarrays and confirmatory Northern analysis to assess changes in relaxin levels due to androgen treatment and in LNCaP xenografts following castration. Relaxin protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays of humanprostate cancer samples following androgen ablation. RESULTS: Relaxin levels decreased in a time and concentration-dependent manner due to androgens in vitro, and increased in xenografts post-castration. Relaxin increased in radical prostatectomy specimens after 6 months of androgen ablation and in AI tumors, was highest in bone metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Relaxin is negatively regulated by androgens in vitro and in vivo, which correlates to clinical prostate cancer specimens following androgen ablation. The role of relaxin in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling suggests it may contribute to prostate cancer progression.
Authors: Ruth L Vinall; Christopher M Mahaffey; Ryan R Davis; Zunping Luo; Regina Gandour-Edwards; Paramita M Ghosh; Clifford G Tepper; Ralph W de Vere White Journal: Horm Cancer Date: 2011-08 Impact factor: 3.869
Authors: Michelle L Halls; Ross A D Bathgate; Steve W Sutton; Thomas B Dschietzig; Roger J Summers Journal: Pharmacol Rev Date: 2015 Impact factor: 25.468
Authors: Jennifer Munkley; Teresa M Maia; Nekane Ibarluzea; Karen E Livermore; Daniel Vodak; Ingrid Ehrmann; Katherine James; Prabhakar Rajan; Nuno L Barbosa-Morais; David J Elliott Journal: F1000Res Date: 2018-08-03