Therapeutic strategies for localized prostate cancer I: surgery, ultrasound, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy.

Over the past decade, because of the introduction and widespread availability of prostate-specific antigen determinations, carcinoma of the prostate that is localized and potentially curable has been diagnosed in an increasing number of men. Advances in surgical management with preservation of the neurovascular bundles, in addition to hormone therapy, have added to the success and improved quality of life of patients undergoing treatment. New forms of treatment (including laparoscopic prostatectomy and high-intensity focused ultrasound) are advances that are continuing to be developed and that may have a significant role in the management of this disease. With further investigation and technologic advancement, it is anticipated that more and more men with localized disease will be identified and cured, with preservation of sexual and urinary function.