A combined FEM/genetic algorithm for vascular soft tissue elasticity estimation.

Tissue elasticity reconstruction is a parameter estimation effort combining imaging, elastography, and computational modeling to build maps of soft tissue mechanical properties. One application is in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in diseased arteries, wherein the distribution of elastic properties is required for stress analysis and plaque stability assessment. In this paper, a computational scheme is proposed for elasticity reconstruction in soft tissues, combining finite element modeling (FEM) for mechanical analysis of soft tissues and a genetic algorithm (GA) for parameter estimation. With a model reduction of the discrete elasticity values into lumped material regions, namely the plaque constituents, a robust, adaptive strategy can be used to solve inverse elasticity problems involving complex and inhomogeneous solution spaces. An advantage of utilizing a GA is its insistence on global convergence. The algorithm is easily implemented and adaptable to more complex material models and geometries. It is meant to provide either accurate initial guesses of low-resolution elasticity values in a multi-resolution scheme or as a replacement for failing traditional elasticity estimation efforts.