Analyzing micro-RNA expression using microarrays.

The discovery of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and the growing appreciation of the importance of micro-RNAs in the regulation of gene expression are driving increasing interest in miRNA expression profiling. Early studies have suggested prominent roles for these genetically encoded regulatory molecules in a variety of normal biological processes and diseases, particularly cancer. However, the field of miRNA expression profiling is in its infancy. Several factors, including the small size, the unknown but limited number of miRNAs, and the tissue-to-tissue and tissue-to-disease state variability in miRNA expression, make the adaptation of microarray technology to the evaluation of miRNA expression nontrivial. This chapter describes the unique features of miRNA microarray experiments and analysis and provides a case study demonstrating our approach to miRNA expression analysis.