BACKGROUND: Infection with human papillomavirus is considered a necessary factor in developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. However, most human papillomavirus positive women do not develop high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and other factors may be important for this transition. The objective of the present study was to examine if smoking and alcohol intake are associated with the risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women positive for high-risk human papillomavirus types. METHODS: We used baseline information on exposures on 548 high-risk human papillomavirus positive women with normal cytology, comparing 94 women who developed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 454 women who remained cytologically normal. Logistic regression was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, the odds ratio for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among current smokers was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.21-3.28). Among current smokers, number of cigarettes, years of smoking, and early age at smoking initiation were associated with increased risk. However, when modeled simultaneously, it seemed that smoking duration and age at smoking initiation were more associated with risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions than amount of smoking. Alcohol intake was not associated with risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among these women. CONCLUSION: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women who are infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus.
BACKGROUND: Infection with human papillomavirus is considered a necessary factor in developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. However, most human papillomavirus positive women do not develop high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and other factors may be important for this transition. The objective of the present study was to examine if smoking and alcohol intake are associated with the risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women positive for high-risk human papillomavirus types. METHODS: We used baseline information on exposures on 548 high-risk human papillomavirus positive women with normal cytology, comparing 94 women who developed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 454 women who remained cytologically normal. Logistic regression was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, the odds ratio for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among current smokers was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.21-3.28). Among current smokers, number of cigarettes, years of smoking, and early age at smoking initiation were associated with increased risk. However, when modeled simultaneously, it seemed that smoking duration and age at smoking initiation were more associated with risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions than amount of smoking. Alcohol intake was not associated with risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among these women. CONCLUSION: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women who are infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus.
Authors: Matthew B Schabath; Zachary J Thompson; Kathleen M Egan; B Nelson Torres; Anthony Nguyen; Mary R Papenfuss; Martha E Abrahamsen; Anna R Giuliano Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2014-10-02 Impact factor: 3.519
Authors: Long Fu Xi; Laura A Koutsky; Philip E Castle; Zoe R Edelstein; Craig Meyers; Jesse Ho; Mark Schiffman Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2009-12 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Long Fu Xi; Mingjun Jiang; Zhenping Shen; Ayaka Hulbert; Xiao-Hua Zhou; Ying-Ying Lin; Nancy B Kiviat; Laura A Koutsky Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-08-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Kari Syrjänen; Irena Shabalova; Nicolay Petrovichev; Vladimir Kozachenko; Tatjana Zakharova; Julia Pajanidi; Jurij Podistov; Galina Chemeris; Larisa Sozaeva; Elena Lipova; Irena Tsidaeva; Olga Ivanchenko; Alla Pshepurko; Sergej Zakharenko; Raisa Nerovjna; Ludmila Kljukina; Oksana Erokhina; Marina Branovskaja; Maritta Nikitina; Valerija Grunberga; Alexandr Grunberg; Anna Juschenko; Rosa Santopietro; Marcella Cintorino; Piero Tosi; Stina Syrjänen Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2007-09-08 Impact factor: 12.434