Chained and tandem fixed-interval schedules of punishment.

Pigeons' key pecks were both punished with electric shock on four-component chained and tandem fixed-interval schedules and reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of food presentation. Pecking was suppressed less in the early components of the chained schedule than in the early components of the tandem schedule. Related multiple and mixed schedules of punishment were also presented; these schedules were identical to the chained and tandem schedules, respectively, except that components changed independently of responding. Similar effects were obtained, in that responding was suppressed in all components of the mixed schedule and only in the fourth component of the multiple schedule of punishment. The performances maintained on the chained and tandem schedules of punishment were generally symmetrical to those found in analogous chained and tandem schedules of food reinforcement.