Motion analysis in the training and assessment of minimally invasive surgery.

Dexterity is a crucial aspect of surgical competence and is considered to be of high priority in the selection of trainees to specialities such as laparoscopic surgery. A motion analysis system, Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) has undergone validation studies and is sensitive in discriminating surgeons according to their experience. It consists of a signal generator that creates an electromagnetic field in which sensors placed on the surgeon's hands can be detected using a special software. These positional data can be converted to data reflecting the surgeon's dexterity. It is a useful adjunct to training as trainees can be expected to achieve a certain level of proficiency prior to progress. They can also be provided with an objective feedback of their performance. As an assessment method it can be used for credentialing in laparoscopic surgery.