PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate microwave (MW) effects on neuronal apoptosis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y were exposed to a 900 MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) or continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency fields for 24 h in a wire-patch cell. The specific absorption rates (SAR) used were 2 W/kg for CW and 0.25 W/kg average for GSM. During CW exposure, an increase of 2 degrees C was measured, and controls with cells exposed to 39 degrees C were then performed. Apoptosis rate was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using three methods: (i) 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining; (ii) flow cytometry using double staining with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide (PI); and (iii) measurement of caspase-3 activity by fluorimetry. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate was observed between sham and 24 h MW-exposed cells, either GSM-900 at an average SAR of 0.25 W/kg, or CW 900 MHz at a SAR of 2 W/kg, either 0 h or 24 h post-exposure. Furthermore, for CW-exposure, apoptosis rates were comparable between sham-, CW-, 37 degrees C- and 39 degrees C-exposed cells. All three methods used to assess apoptosis were concordant. CONCLUSION: These results showed that, under the conditions of the present experiment, MW-exposure (either CW or GSM-900) does not significantly increase the apoptosis rate in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate microwave (MW) effects on neuronal apoptosis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Humanneuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y were exposed to a 900 MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) or continuous-wave (CW) radiofrequency fields for 24 h in a wire-patch cell. The specific absorption rates (SAR) used were 2 W/kg for CW and 0.25 W/kg average for GSM. During CW exposure, an increase of 2 degrees C was measured, and controls with cells exposed to 39 degrees C were then performed. Apoptosis rate was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using three methods: (i) 4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining; (ii) flow cytometry using double staining with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide (PI); and (iii) measurement of caspase-3 activity by fluorimetry. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate was observed between sham and 24 h MW-exposed cells, either GSM-900 at an average SAR of 0.25 W/kg, or CW 900 MHz at a SAR of 2 W/kg, either 0 h or 24 h post-exposure. Furthermore, for CW-exposure, apoptosis rates were comparable between sham-, CW-, 37 degrees C- and 39 degrees C-exposed cells. All three methods used to assess apoptosis were concordant. CONCLUSION: These results showed that, under the conditions of the present experiment, MW-exposure (either CW or GSM-900) does not significantly increase the apoptosis rate in the humanneuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
Authors: Palalle G Tharushi Perera; The Hong Phong Nguyen; Chaitali Dekiwadia; Jason V Wandiyanto; Igor Sbarski; Olga Bazaka; Kateryna Bazaka; Russell J Crawford; Rodney J Croft; Elena P Ivanova Journal: Int J Nanomedicine Date: 2018-12-10
Authors: Stefania Romeo; Olga Zeni; Maria Rosaria Scarfì; Loredana Poeta; Maria Brigida Lioi; Anna Sannino Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2022-02-19 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Myrtill Simkó; Daniel Remondini; Olga Zeni; Maria Rosaria Scarfi Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2016-07-12 Impact factor: 3.390